Final - Energy Water and Earths Processes - Vocab Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

Electromagnetic Radiation (7 types)

A

elf-propagating wave of the electromagnetic field that carries momentum and radiant energy through space.

radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays

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2
Q

Frequency

A

the number of waves that pass a point in a certain period of time

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3
Q

Photosynthesis

A

A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight

use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water

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4
Q

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

A

A colorless, odorless gas. It is a waste product made by the body

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5
Q

Validity

A

how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure

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6
Q

Polarity

A

when an entity contains two distinct and opposite poles that can either attract or repel each other

a water molecule has two poles - a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (side)

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7
Q

Cohesion

A

water likes to stick to itself

water droplets

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8
Q

Adhesion

A

water likes to stick to other things.

when water “climbs” up the tube placed in a glass of water

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9
Q

Ocean Currents (surface and deep)

A

the movement of water from one location to another

Surface vs deep - differences in water density

deep- Rip tide

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10
Q

Salinity

A

he dissolved salt content of a body of water

High levels of salinity in water and soil may cause: corrosion of machinery and infrastructure such as fences, roads and bridges. poor health or death of native vegetation,

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11
Q

Hydolysis

A

The reaction of water with minerals. - may form clay minerals

Water + minerals = new rock
Feldspar + water = clay

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12
Q

Carbonation

A

Water reacts with caron dioxide to form carbonic acid

dissolves rock, i.e. limestone
Create caverns or sinkholes

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13
Q

Oxidation

A

Water in combo with oxygen cause reactions leading to rust or other oxidized compounds to weaken rock/material

Oxidized Rock - Red Rock in Sedona Arizona
statue damage

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14
Q

Mechanical/physical Weathering

A

Breaking up a rock into smaller pieces or sediments
-physical changes
- chemical composition of the rock stays the same

Ice/water -frost wedging
Abrasion (from water)
Plant roots
animal burrows
exfoliation
Thermal expansion

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15
Q

Chemical Weathering

A

Chemical reaction that changes the chemical composition of the rock into something new, i.e. rust

Rock - dissolve limestone by acidic rainwater

Carbonation
Hydrolysis
Acid Rain
Oxidation
Dissolution/filtration/recrystallization
All these have water involved

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16
Q

Erosion

A

After weathering, the action of wind, water or other factors carries away the sediment

Sediment move downhill and deposited in layers

17
Q

Glacial Abrasion

A

Water carrying sediments (sand, gravel, etc) can act as an abrasive agent, waring away rocks through friction as it flows over them

18
Q

Frost Wedging

A

Water seeps into cracks in rocks, freezes and expands, widening cracks. Eventually breaks

19
Q

Climate Change

A

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns

A negative feedback loop reduces the effect of change and helps maintain balance.
A positive feedback loop increases the effect of the change and produces instability.

20
Q

Proxy Data

A

Other data was deduced from tree rings, coral growth, and ice cores that were calibrated by
modern time temperatures.

21
Q

Direct Data

A

Temperatures that are measured using thermometers and related devices

22
Q

Reliability

A

how consistently a method measures something

23
Q

Acid Rain

A

Compounds from burning coal, oil, and gas react chemically with water forming acids

Causes very rapid chemical weathering