Final - Energy Water and Earths Processes - Vocab Flashcards
(23 cards)
Electromagnetic Radiation (7 types)
elf-propagating wave of the electromagnetic field that carries momentum and radiant energy through space.
radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays
Frequency
the number of waves that pass a point in a certain period of time
Photosynthesis
A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some types of bacteria, when they are exposed to sunlight
use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
A colorless, odorless gas. It is a waste product made by the body
Validity
how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure
Polarity
when an entity contains two distinct and opposite poles that can either attract or repel each other
a water molecule has two poles - a positive charge on the hydrogen pole (side) and a negative charge on the oxygen pole (side)
Cohesion
water likes to stick to itself
water droplets
Adhesion
water likes to stick to other things.
when water “climbs” up the tube placed in a glass of water
Ocean Currents (surface and deep)
the movement of water from one location to another
Surface vs deep - differences in water density
deep- Rip tide
Salinity
he dissolved salt content of a body of water
High levels of salinity in water and soil may cause: corrosion of machinery and infrastructure such as fences, roads and bridges. poor health or death of native vegetation,
Hydolysis
The reaction of water with minerals. - may form clay minerals
Water + minerals = new rock
Feldspar + water = clay
Carbonation
Water reacts with caron dioxide to form carbonic acid
dissolves rock, i.e. limestone
Create caverns or sinkholes
Oxidation
Water in combo with oxygen cause reactions leading to rust or other oxidized compounds to weaken rock/material
Oxidized Rock - Red Rock in Sedona Arizona
statue damage
Mechanical/physical Weathering
Breaking up a rock into smaller pieces or sediments
-physical changes
- chemical composition of the rock stays the same
Ice/water -frost wedging
Abrasion (from water)
Plant roots
animal burrows
exfoliation
Thermal expansion
Chemical Weathering
Chemical reaction that changes the chemical composition of the rock into something new, i.e. rust
Rock - dissolve limestone by acidic rainwater
Carbonation
Hydrolysis
Acid Rain
Oxidation
Dissolution/filtration/recrystallization
All these have water involved
Erosion
After weathering, the action of wind, water or other factors carries away the sediment
Sediment move downhill and deposited in layers
Glacial Abrasion
Water carrying sediments (sand, gravel, etc) can act as an abrasive agent, waring away rocks through friction as it flows over them
Frost Wedging
Water seeps into cracks in rocks, freezes and expands, widening cracks. Eventually breaks
Climate Change
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns
A negative feedback loop reduces the effect of change and helps maintain balance.
A positive feedback loop increases the effect of the change and produces instability.
Proxy Data
Other data was deduced from tree rings, coral growth, and ice cores that were calibrated by
modern time temperatures.
Direct Data
Temperatures that are measured using thermometers and related devices
Reliability
how consistently a method measures something
Acid Rain
Compounds from burning coal, oil, and gas react chemically with water forming acids
Causes very rapid chemical weathering
