engaging Flashcards
engaging
process of establishing a mutually trusting and respectful helping relationship
relational foundation of MI
should always be engaging even after the engagement process is over
Goal #1 of engaging
create a working alliance
Goal #2 of engaging
have the client return
* people who are actively engaged are more likely to return and benefit from treatment regardless of the orientation of the provider
sustain talk
when someone is supporting the status quo
doesn’t want to change
the more someone hears change talk, the more likely they are to get on board with it
same is true about sustain talk
traps (7)
assessment trap
expert trap
premature focus trap
confrontation-denial trap
labelling trap
blaming trap
chat trap
assessment trap / Question-answer trap
* how to avoid?
counsellor controls session by asking questions, while the client only responds
effects: teaches client to be passive
avoid by: using a pre-counselling questionnaire to gather information or save questions until after engagement
– use open questions
– no more than 3 questions in a row
expert trap
* how to avoid?
when there is an uneven position between the client and counsellor and the counsellor is expected to provide all the answers
effects: teaches client to be passive
– builds expectations for a counsellor =-prescribed solution
avoid by: exchanging information in an empathetic, collaborative fashion
– better to ask them what they already know and how they think about it compared to just providing info
premature focus trap
assuming you know what the client wants to discuss and focusing before engaging
** getting wrong focus could cause discord
effects: can create a power struggle for the discussion topic
– can create discord
avoid by: starting broad and by focusing on the person’s concerns (rather than your own)
confrontation-denial trap
arguing for change, leaving the client in the opposite role
effects: can increase sustain talk and create discord
avoid by: offering empathy for the client’s situation
labelling trap
the client is given a “diagnosis” that may stigmatize
effects: may provoke denial and hinder progress
– power struggle for control
avoid by: using reflections and reframing
– deemphasizing the label
blaming trap
client feels blamed by others and themselves
effect: may create defensiveness
avoid by: reflecting and reframing the person’s concerns
– render blame irrelevant
chat trap
off-topic chatting that has insufficient direction (small talk)
effects: hinders progress
avoid by: using relevant open questions
– devoting attention to client’s concerns
process of communication
encoding: the speaker is trying to put into words what’s in their head
– can go wrong if someone doesn’t say what they meant
hearing: maybe you hear something not in the way that they meant it
decoding: determine and interpret what you think they meant
** lots of places where the communication process can break down
** reflective listening gets us out of this problem
nonverbal listening
undivided attention
** nodding, eye contact, tone, sitting at same level, mirror their emotions (but not when angry)
– physical distance/seating
– open body language
roadblocks to communication
traps are more about the counsellors interaction and roadblocks are more about responses to what the client is saying
ordering
warning
advising
persuading
criticizing
praising
shaming
analyzing
reassuring
questioning
withdrawing