Engineering tools and machines Flashcards
(14 cards)
Natural ventilation
The driving force for natural ventilation is wind and air circulation.
Some examples of natural ventilation are:
Opening windows.
Opening dampers.
Roof stacks.
This type of ventilation may be appropriate when using hand tools for short amount of time in combination with respiratory protective equipment.
Mechanical ventilation
Mechanical ventilation takes place when the airflow into or out of the building is driven by a fan. It can be arranged as a centralised facility with distribution ductwork, or as individual units placed directly within rooms.
Mechanical systems are fan driven. There are two types:
Centralised systems with supply and extraction.
Room based system with supply and extraction.
Sometimes this system is coupled with cooling.
Hybrid ventilation systems
These types of system use natural ventilation components paired with other systems, for example:
Fans to aid mixing in colder weather.
Fans to aid higher flow rate in hotter weather
A full mechanical ventilation system which works at the same time as the natural ventilation system.
A mixed mode system with a full mechanical ventilation system which works when the natural ventilation system does not.
Workshop dust extractor
A workshop dust extractor is a system that helps to create a cleaner and safe environment. A dust extractor is the portable version of a dust collector.
Extraction systems capture dangerous substances at the source, removing them before they reach people, thus enhancing the workshop’s air quality.
There are several types of extraction systems available, from portable extractors to larger products that are fixed in place.
While a ventilation system is always necessary,an extraction system is needed when fumes and pollutants occur, such aswelding, manufacturing, soldering, electronic or chemical settings.
Local exhaust ventilation (LEV)
Local exhaust ventilation is an engineering control designed to reduce the exposure of workers to airborne contaminants and dust. They collect or contain the contaminant and conduct it away from the user, limiting or even eliminating exposure.
LEV systems can be built into the machine that creates the dust or the contaminant. Extraction units should be tested every 14 months to ensure they are safe should be regularly checked and tested at least every 14 months
LEV ranges from small solder fume tip extractors through dust hoods, fume cupboards, glove boxes and spray booths, to large-scale industrial installations.
CNC
Computerised manufacturing process in which pre-programmed software and codes control the movement of production equipment
Phillips
Designed to tighten and loosen cross head screws. The combination of this tool and type of screw is used when more torque is required for the fixing
Torx
Characterised by a six-point star-shaped pattern. Often used invehicles, motorcycles, bicycles, computer systems, hard disk drives and consumer electronics
Slotted
Used to tighten and loosen flat head screws. They have a flat tip to slot into a flat head screw and allow torque.
Pozidriv
Have an eight-point shaped pattern. They have a cross-shaped slot, plus a shallower, X-shaped slot imposed on top.
Contact adhesive
Contact adhesives are fast-drying glues that are applied to either one or both surfaces that need to be joined and air dried before the surfaces are stuck together.
The aim is to provide a strong join or connection between two surfaces, often used for joining a range of materials.
MIG welding
Metal inert gas (MIG) welding uses a continuous solid wire electrode heated and fed into the weld pool from a welding gun.
The two base materials are melted together to form a bond. MIG welding generally used forlarge and thick materials.
TIG welding
Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding uses a non-consumabletungsten electrodeto produce theweld. The arc is formed between a pointed tungsten electrode and the workpiece in an inert atmosphere of argon or helium.
TIG welding is used in industries like automotive and aerospace because of its ability to produce strong, quality welds on thin materials
Arc welding
Arc welding is the most common form of welding. It supplies high voltages and currents in varying combinations to the base metal through an electrode, which causes the melting and fuses the pieces of metal together.
Arc welding is fast and portable. It is often used for manufacturing products with mild steel.
