English Flashcards by Miradel Densing

What is appropriate in changing clothes for physically handicapped user?

a. Wearing on clothes from the good side to the bad side
b. For left hemiplegic user, putting on clothes from right side
c. Taking off clothes from the good side followed by the bad side
d. For right hemiplegic user, taking off clothes from the right side

c. Taking off clothes from the good side followed by the bad side

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What is the proper way to communicate with the user?

a. Use hand gesture for the user to understand
b. Say it in a very loud voice so he can hear you clearly.
c. Always laugh at the user even if you do not understand.
d. Listen to the user and observe his/her facial expressions.

d. Listen to the user and observe his/her facial expressions.

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Which of the following conditions refers to the damage of the optic nerve of the eye. It is often caused by an abnormally high pressure in the eye?

a. Diabetic Retinopathy
b. Dry Eye Syndrome
c. Glaucoma
d. Cataract

c. Glaucoma

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What is appropriate in bathing assistance?

a. Check the user’s vital before taking a bath.
b. Entering the bathtub form the affected side for hemiplegic user.
c. Opening windows and door curtain while taking a bath to let the fresh air in.
d. Asking the user to check the water’s temperature first, and at then by the caregiver.

a. Check the user’s vital before taking a bath.

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Which of the following is NOT true in Aphasia?

a. Aphasia is a communication disorder.
b. It refers to problems in swallowing certain foods and liquids.
c. A person with aphasia can have trouble speaking, reading, writing, and understanding language.
d. It is a disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. It interferes with one’s verbal communication, written communication, or both.

b. It refers to problems in swallowing certain foods and liquids.

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Which of the following conditions is characterized as a PICA disorder?

a. The bowel movements are tough or happen less often than normal.
b. There is an impaired ability to remember, think or make decisions that interferes with doing everyday activities.
c. It is a disorder characterized by low weight, food restriction, fear of gaining weight and a strong desire to be thin.
d. Eating substance that are non-nutritive such as hair or feces, dirt, paper, paint etc., and swallows or ingests items that do not have any nutritional value.

d. Eating substance that are non-nutritive such as hair or feces, dirt, paper, paint etc., and swallows or ingests items that do not have any nutritional value.

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Which of the following statements is NOT correct about CPR?
a. It is recommended to those who are unresponsive without pulse or heartbeat.
b. It is a procedure used to help a choking person who is conscious and unable to talk.
c. It is an emergency life-saving procedure performed when the heart stops beating.
d. It is performed by applying 30 chest compressions, opening the persons using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver.

b. It is a procedure used to help a choking person who is conscious and unable to talk.

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What is a disease that forms a dense and cloudy area in the lens of the eye which is common to the elderly people?

a. Cataract
b. Dementia
c. Glaucoma
d. Prostatitis

a. Cataract

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What is true about Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

a. Self-esteem includes the need for water, food, breathing, and homeostasis.
b. The basic physiological needs include the full use of talents, capabilities, and potentialities.
c. Love and belonging are needed to avoid problems such as sadness, depression and anxiety.
d. Financial security, safety against accidents and injury, health and wellness, finding a job, and having a house that can withstand storm all belongs to self-actualization.

c. Love and belonging are needed to avoid problems such as sadness, depression and anxiety.

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What is the function of the kidney?

a. It breaks down food chemically and mechanically.
b. It serves as the body’s temporary storage or tank of urine.
c. It is the muscle that pumps the blood received from the veins into the arteries throughout the body.
d. It filters unnecessary things in the blood, removes wastes, controls the body’s fluid balance, and passes waste as urine.

d. It filters unnecessary things in the blood, removes wastes, controls the body’s fluid balance, and passes waste as urine.

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How can we assist a user or patient with difficulty in swallowing?
a. By allowing them to watch and play during mealtimes.
b. By locating the food with the use of Clock Reference System or clock position method.
c. By paying attention to the patient’s posture, and by standing while assisting him/her.
d. By pasting or softening the food or by serving the food with thicker gravies or sauces in order to add moisture and minimize choking.

d. By pasting or softening the food or by serving the food with thicker gravies or sauces in order to add moisture and minimize choking.

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What is the appropriate way of supporting or assisting a right hemiplegic patient while putting on or changing clothes?

a. Give the patient a full support.
b. Tell the patient to put on clothes by himself or herself.
c. When putting off clothes, put first the right side through the sleeve.
d. When putting on clothes, start with the affected side followed by the unaffected side.

d. When putting on clothes, start with the affected side followed by the unaffected side.

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Which of the following can easily cause aspiration to patients with difficulty in swallowing?

a. Jelly
b. Miso soup
c. Porridge
d. Plain yoghurt

b. Miso soup

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In assisting the user from bed to wheelchair, which of the following is NOT correct?

a. Confirm the user’s physical condition.
b. Place the wheelchair beside the unaffected side of the user and activate the brake.
c. Adjust the height of the bed so the user can sit on the edge of the bed with legs down.
d. Make the user hold the wheelchair’s armrest on the far side using the hand of the affected side.

d. Make the user hold the wheelchair’s armrest on the far side using the hand of the affected side.

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Choose the one that is NOT appropriate in bathing assistance.

a. Give liquids to the user after taking a bath.
b. Consider the feeling of embarrassment of the user.
c. Avoid taking a bath one hour before and after meals.
d. Reduce the temperature difference between the dressing room and the bathroom.

a. Give liquids to the user after taking a bath.

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Which of the following is NOT correct in assisting user in a wheelchair?

a. Confirm the user’s physical condition.
b. Place the user’s feet on the footplates.
c. Make sure that the hand of the user should be on the driving wheels.
d. Deactivate the brake and tell the user that the wheelchair will be moving, then start pushing it.

c. Make sure that the hand of the user should be on the driving wheels.

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The following are types of abuse EXCEPT

a. Leaving the person in need of nursing care (neglect)
b. Obtaining economic benefits from the user.
c. Administering excessive psychotropic medication.
d. Speaking foul words that will cause psychological trauma to the user.

c. Administering excessive psychotropic medication.

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The following are the adverse effects of physical restraint EXCEPT.
a. Discomfort or pain.
b. Decrease in physical function and muscle atrophy.
c. Weakening of the user’s muscles due to restriction from walking in order to prevent falls.
d. An increase in physical abilities and decrease in the user’s symptoms of dementia.

d. An increase in physical abilities and decrease in the user’s symptoms of dementia.

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Which of the following is NOT correct about oral care?

a. Keeping the mouth clean to eliminate bad breath.
b. Removing denture from upper jaw to lower jaw.
c. Preventing aspiration pneumonia through oral hygiene.
d. Putting the dentures starting with the upper jaw followed by the lower jaw.

b. Removing denture from upper jaw to lower jaw.

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Which of the following is not an example of physical restraint?

a. Hurting the user physically.
b. Locking the door to keep the user inside.
c. Administering excessive psychotropic medication.
d. Restricting movements by tying the user’s body, hands and feet.

a. Hurting the user physically.

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What do we call a concept that includes mental wealth such as happiness and satisfaction of life and well being?

a. human dignity
b. QOL
c. user centric
d. will

b. QOL

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This is a benefit of good sleep except for?

a. consolidation of memory
b. increased immunity
c. source of stress
d. removal of fatigue from mind and body

c. source of stress

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It is the user himself who takes the lead in daily living. They will decide how they wants to do something according to their way of living?

a. normalization
b. understanding of living
c. self choice and determination

c. self choice and determination

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Which of this is not a example of risk management?

a. thinking why it happened
b. record the incident
c. share the information to everyone
d. prepare things such as flashlight and medicine

b. record the incident

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It is the medical term for difficulty swallowing. Can be caused by a number of things, including a stroke, inflammation, or scar tissue in the esophagus. Symptoms: Pain while swallowing (odynophagia) Coughing or choking while eating or drinking Bringing food back up, sometimes through the nose A feeling that food is stuck in your throat or chest Persistent drooling of saliva

Dysphagia

It is a medical term that refers to painful swallowing.

Odynophagia

Which is not the activities that enhance immunity? A. moderate exercise B. laughing a lot C. well balance diet D. shortage of sleep

D. shortage of sleep

The system that is responsible for removing waste from the body. A. digestive system B. respiratory system C. eco system D. urinary system

D. urinary system

Things to remember when going down slope using wheelchair. A. Confirm that the direction behind you is safe. B. The care worker should stand with one foot in front of wheelchair. C. Proceed with the wheelchair facing backwards. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which is not a tool in meal assistance A. cup with holder B. chopsticks with spring C. bendable fork and spoon D. bare hands

D. bare hands

In clock positioning method where should we put the chopsticks? A. 3 o'clock B. 5 o'clock C. 4 o'clock D. 6 o'clock

D. 6 o'clock

Leakage occurs as the individual cannot make it to the toilet in time is called? A. over flow incontinence B. reflex incontinence C. urge incontinence D. functional incontinence

D. functional incontinence

Type of constipation that occurs when the path of feces is blocked due to a tumor and or inflammation is called? A. functional constipation B. urge constipation C. dysfunctional constipation D. organic constipation

D. organic constipation

It is a rare type of constipation that occurs when painful bowel movements are caused by an identifiable disease, drug, or toxin

Organic constipation

It is a condition where a person has infrequent or difficult bowel movements, but there is no underlying physiological or anatomical cause. It's also known as chronic idiopathic constipation.

Functional constipation Symptoms include: Hard or lumpy stools Straining during bowel movements A feeling of incomplete evacuation, and Stomach pain and bloating.

It is a condition that makes it difficult to have a bowel movement also known as dyssynergic defecation, anismus, pelvic floor dysfunction, or outlet constipation. It occurs when the pelvic floor muscles and nerves aren't coordinating properly.

Dysfunctional constipation

It is the feeling of needing to have a bowel movement frequently, even when your bowels are empty. It can involve: Straining, Pain, Cramping, and Not being able to pass much stool. often caused by severe inflammation that irritates the nerves involved in pooping. This inflammation can cause your nerves to overreact, telling your muscles that you constantly have to go.

Tenesmus or urge constipation Symptoms of constipation include: Fewer than three bowel movements per week Hard, dry stools Bloated abdomen Abdominal cramps Feeling sluggish

It is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when the bladder doesn't empty completely, causing urine to leak out. Symptoms: Frequent or constant dribbling of urine Causes: Can be caused by a number of things, including: Weak bladder muscles Nerve damage, such as from diabetes or multiple sclerosis Blockage in the urinary tract, such as from an enlarged prostate, uterine fibroids, or kidney stones Certain medicines

Overflow incontinence

It is a type of urinary incontinence that causes urine to leak without warning or the urge to urinate. It's also known as "unaware" or "unconscious" incontinence. It occurs when the bladder's detrusor muscle spasms, causing the bladder to contract at the wrong time. This can happen when the bladder nerves are damaged, which can be caused by health conditions like multiple sclerosis or trauma like a spinal cord injury. Reflex incontinence is similar to urge incontinence, but with urge incontinence, the person feels a sudden urge to urinate. With reflex incontinence, there's usually no urge to urinate, which can result in large amounts of urine being lost suddenly.

Reflex incontinence

It is when you feel a sudden and intense need to urinate and are unable to delay going to the toilet. It's often associated with overactive bladder syndrome, which is when the bladder muscle is more active than usual.

Urge incontinence, also known as urgency incontinence

It is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when someone is unable to urinate in time due to a number of possible reasons, including: Physical barriers Limited mobility, such as using a wheelchair or walker, or difficulty removing clothing Mental impairment Dementia, Parkinson's disease, or other neurological conditions that make it difficult to recognize the need to urinate or find a toilet Medications Some medications, like sedatives or diuretics, can make it difficult to recognize the need to urinate or get to the toilet Environmental barriers Unfamiliar surroundings or restrooms that aren't disability friendly Substance use Drinking alcohol or taking recreational drugs can impair judgment and lead to loss of urine

Functional incontinence

When washing face where do we start washing? A. cheeks B. forehead C. nose D. around the eyes

D. around the eyes

Which of the following statement is true about care service in Japan? A. Care service depends on the decision of the family. B. Care service can be done if the doctors allowed it. C. User's decision does not matter D. Care service depends on the decision of the care user

D. Care service depends on the decision of the care user

Which of the following is not a human rights abuse? A. abandonment of nursing care B. psychological abuse C. economic abuse D. tying the body, hands and feet

D. tying the body, hands and feet

This involves causing mental harm, distress, or suffering, which is a violation of human dignity and can be classified as a human rights abuse.

psychological abuse

This involves controlling someone's financial resources, limiting their freedom, and potentially exploiting them, which is a violation of rights.

economic abuse

It is an act where one person uses their body in order to inflict intentional harm or injury upon another person.

Physical abuse

The following are causes of stress except: A. noise B. temperature C. sleep D. human relations

C. sleep

Levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of needs:

1. physiological needs (lowest in the pyramid) 2. safety and security 3. love and belonging 4. self esteem 5. self actualization (peak of the pyramid)

The most basic needs for survival, such as food, water, shelter, warmth, rest, and health

1. physiological needs

The need for protection from elements, security, order, law, and stability

2. safety and security

The desire for interpersonal relationships and being part of a group (friendship, family, intimacy sense of connection)

3. love and belonging

The need for self-esteem, which comes from dignity, achievement, mastery, and independence (confidence, achievement, respect of others and the need to be a unique individual)

4. self-esteem

The need to realize personal potential, self-fulfill, and seek personal growth and peak experiences (morality, creativity, spontaneity, experience purpose, acceptance and meaning and inner potential)

5. self actualization

Blood pressure range less than 120/80 mmHg (Systolic and Diastolic Pressure)

Normal blood pressure

Blood pressure 120-129/less than 80 mmHg

Elevated blood pressure

Blood pressure 130-139/80-89 mmHg

High Blood Pressure (Stage 1)

Blood pressure 140 or higher/90 or higher mmHg

High Blood Pressure (Stage 2

Higher than 180 systolic pressure or Higher than 120 diastolic pressure Contact your provider immediately.

Hypertensive Crisis

The following are physical changes due to aging except: A. hearing impairment B. poorer vision C. anxiety and stress D. shortage of sleep

C. anxiety and stress

It refers to build up of excess fluid of the body due to reduced function of internal organs. A. hypertension B. pruritus C. edema D. insomia

C. edema

It is a serious medical condition that occurs when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high.

Hypertension/High Blood Pressure

It is an uncomfortable feeling on the skin that makes you want to scratch it or rub it, a severe itching of the skin.

Pruritus

It is the medical term for swelling caused by a collection of fluid in the spaces that surround the body's tissues and organs. It can occur nearly anywhere in the body.

Edema

It is a common sleep disorder that can make it hard to fall asleep or stay asleep. It also can cause you to wake up too early and not be able to get back to sleep.

Insomia

66. Which one is NOT correct in bathing assistance? a. For right hemiplegic user, enter the bathtub with the left side. b. Considering the possible embarrassment of the user, put towel into his/her private part. c. For hemiplegic user, enter the bathtub with the affected side. d. Let the user drink water before and after taking a bath. Rehydration is important.

C. For hemiplegic user, enter the bathtub with the affected side.

67. Which of the following is NOT CORRECT in oral care? a. It is effective in the prevention of aspiration pneumonia. b. The caregiver should lift the chin of the user and gently brush all the teeth surface and tongue. c. To prevent the spread of germs, the caregiver should use a clean disposable glove when brushing the user’s teeth. d. To prevent damaging the user’s teeth or gum and to avoid exerting grater amount of force, hold the toothbrush like you are holding a pencil.

B. The caregiver should lift the chin of the user and gently brush all the teeth surface and tongue.

68. It is important to maintain the proper body mechanics. Which of the following is incorrect? a. Making the user’s body small. b. Avoiding to twist your body by doing a side step by pivoting. c. Using proper body mechanics that will prevent lower back pain and ensure safety nursing care. d. Using small base support since the higher the center of gravity, the more stable the body will become.

D. Using small base support since the higher the center of gravity, the more stable the body will become.

69. In assisting on a moving wheelchair which of the following is NOT correct? a. Place the user’s feet on the footplates. b. Check the user’s physical condition. c. Tell the user that they will go up before going up on a step. d. Tell the user that you will press the tipping bar with your foot before going down the slope.

D. Tell the user that you will press the tipping bar with your foot before going down the slope.

70. Which of the following is not appropriate in grooming assistance? a. The caregiver choose a comfortable outfit of the user for the day. b. Assisting the user only when the he/she is unable to do it by herself/himself. c. For visually impaired, explaining the design of materials to be used in grooming and letting them touch those materials. d. Inform the user before helping in bathing, washing etc. They might feel that the caregiver is invading their privacy. Consider how they feel for them not to feel embarrassed.

A. The caregiver choose a comfortable outfit of the user for the day.

71. Choose the best answer. What I appropriate in assisting a user in defecation? a. Use a diaper b. Assume forward bent position during defecation c. Open the windows or door during elimination for some fresh air. d. Cleaning the genital area from back to front and cleaning the area thoroughly.

B. Assume forward bent position during defecation

72. Which is NOT an appropriate practice in assisting a user defecation? a. Use disposable gloves and apron. b. Stick to the user’s defecation routine. c. Stay beside the user to support the user’s elimination. d. Confirm if the user is in stable sitting position while seated on the toilet bowl and let him hold the handrail.

C. Stay beside the user to support the user’s elimination.

73. The following are changes that occur among elderly people EXCEPT a. Decrease in field of view b. Decrease in respiratory function c. Reduction in muscle strength d. Increase in their hearing ability

D. Increase in their hearing ability

74. In descending stairs, while using a cane or assisting device, what is NOT appropriate a. Check the physical condition of the user. b. Follow this order in going down the stairs with cane: cane, foot of the unaffected side, then the affected side. c. Make sure to hold your cane with your strong hand and grab the hand rail with other. d. The care worker should stand one step lower and in front of the user at the affected side and should support the upper body of the user.

B. Follow this order in going down the stairs with cane: cane, foot of the unaffected side, then the affected side.

75. In ascending stairs, while using a cane or assisting device, what is NOT appropriate? a. Check the physical condition of the user. b. In ascending stairs with a cane follow this order: cane, foot of the unaffected side, then the affected side. c. Make sure to hold your cane with your strong hand and grab the hand rail with other. d. The care worker should stand one step lower and in front of the user at the unaffected side and should support the upper or lower body of the user if needed.

D. The care worker should stand one step lower and in front of the user at the unaffected side and should support the upper or lower body of the user if needed.

76. Based on the image, which of the following is the user most likely to experience? a. Blood pressure rises b. Blood pressure drops c. Systole or the relaxation of the heart muscle d. Diastole or the contracting and pumping of blood in the chamber of the heart

A. Blood pressure rises

77. What should be done if an accident nearly happens to the elderly or user? a. Ignore as if nothing happened because the user looks fine. b. Simply change the clothes if the pants are too long that caused him/her to trip or slip. c. Make a record of the incident that the user almost fell from the wheelchair during transfer. d. Do not record the incidents like when a user nearly bumped his head while steeping on the wet floor because the accident did not actually happen.

C. Make a record of the incident that the user almost fell from the wheelchair during transfer.

78. In self-independence support, which of the following is NOT appropriate? a. Bathing, eating and other activities are assisted by the caregiver to the fullest, in order to make the user have comfortable living. b. Using the remaining functions even with disabilities and also respecting the user’s concept of himself/herself. c. Promoting self-independence, by letting the user use their remaining ability so the user can have a sense of accomplishment or achievement. d. Making the user feel a sense of independence by being in control in some aspects of their life like choosing what clothes to wear for the day, deciding on what to do etc.

A. Bathing, eating and other activities are assisted by the caregiver to the fullest, in order to make the user have comfortable living.

79. In meal assistance, the following are correct EXCEPT a. Being careful in every meal by checking if the user has an allergy. b. Not letting the user drink liquid before meals because he/she might loss appetite. c. Standing while assisting that will make the user’s chin be lifted up and may increase the risk of aspiration. d. Cooking small bites, paste or pureed food. It will make it easy for the user, especially those who have difficulty in swallowing to eat.

B. Not letting the user drink liquid before meals because he/she might loss appetite.

80. Which of the following is NOT correct in using the wheelchair? a. Deactivate the brake when no one is using it. b. Raise the footplates when entering or existing the chair. c. Go down the slope with the wheelchair facing backwards. d. Make sure that all of the parts of the wheelchair are in good condition including the tire, air pressure and brake.

A. Deactivate the brake when no one is using it.

Opinions of the family members are not important. True or False?

False

Differences among individuals are few. True or False?

False

Listen to user and observe their facial expressions. True or False?

True

Always speak slowly. True or False?

True

The caregiver decides what the user's needs to wear that is appropriate for the weather. True or False?

False

Consider the feeling of embarrassment of the user. True or False?

True

Try not to use gestures. True or False?

False

For users with dementia, use diaper positively. True or False?

False

Refrain using clothes with buttons. True or False?

False

For users with right hemiplegia, provide total assistance. True or False?

False

An increase of physical ability is an adverse effect of physical restraint. True or False?

False

Avoid talking to the user when they are doing something. True or False?

False

In oral care the user gargles after brushing with toothpaste only. True or False?

False

In wheelchair assistance the wheelchair shall better go backward when going uphill road. True or False?

False

Pre-meal oral care is good for promoting saliva secretion. True or False?

True

It is better to wash dentures with hot water to sterilized. True or False?

False

In the case of hemiplegic users, ask them to wash the places they can wash themselves and the care worker assist the affected side w/c is difficult for the user. True or False?

False

Reduce the temperature difference between the dressing room and the bathroom to prevent heat shock. True or False?

True

In the 3 option walking with cane, the legs are put in order, 1. cane 2. affected side 3. unaffected side True or False?

True

As a respond to constipation, it's better to massage the abdomen along the run of intestine like "の” of Japaneseの” of Japanese hiragana.

True

It is recommended to change the users position every 8 hours to prevent bedsores. True or False?

True

When assisting a hemiplegic user in changing clothes, have the user take off the sleeve on the affected side first, then the sleeve on the unaffected side. True or False?

False

The care worker should stand half a step behind of his visually handicapped user and the worker grabbed the elbow of the user. True or False?

False

In oral care assistance, hold the toothbrush like a pencil. True or False?

True

In assistance related to moving on a wheelchair, pull the wheelchair backward when going down the slope. True or False?

True

Lifting user's chin upward when chewing and swallowing is good posture to prevent aspiration. True or False?

False

Users should never have meals in bed. True or False?

False

If the user has hemiplegia, position them with the unaffected side down. True or False?

True

During the meal assistance the care worker should stand beside the user. True or False?

False

If the user has constipation, have the user regularly drink a small amount of water. True or False?

False

Never leave the user alone in the toilet. True or False?

False

Change the user's diaper once or twice a day. True or False?

False

Never allow user to put on make up products because they can cause skin irritation. True or False?

False

Clean the user's dentures at night, store them in a container with hot water or denture solution. True or False?

False

Reduce the temperature between the dressing room and the bathroom. True or False?

True

Basic concept that each person is respected as an individual. A. Human dignity B. User centric daily lifestyle C. Self-independence support D. Quality of life

A. Human dignity

It is referring to the quality of person's daily living such as happiness, wealth and satisfaction of life. A. Self independence support B. User centric C. Professional ethics D. Quality of life

D. Quality of life

Refers to the provision of support to a user to enable them to live their usual life and letting them to decide on the life they want to live. A. consideration of privacy B. normalization C. maintaining privacy D. self-independence support

D. self-independence support

Which of the following is not human rights abuse? A. abandonment of nursing care B. psychological abuse C. economic abuse D. tying the body, hands and feet

D. tying the body, hands and feet

In care process, w/c of this is evaluation? A. Gather information on the user and analyze the issue of daily living B. Develop the content of the care plan. C. Provide care to the user based on the care plan. D. Evaluate whether the content of the care plan are suitable for the user.

D. Evaluate whether the content of the care plan are suitable for the user.

Which of this is care plan development? A. Gather information on the user and analyze the issue of daily living B. Develop the content of the care plan. C. Provide care to the user based on the care plan. D. Evaluate whether the content of the care plan are suitable for the user.

B. Develop the content of the care plan.

All of this maintaining confidentiality except? A. Obtain information on the user to provide appropriate care. B. The care worker must not disclose the personal information of the user. C. The care worker must not spread the information on the internet. D. It is important for a care worker to give consideration for the privacy of the user for she not feel embarrassed.

A. Obtain information on the user to provide appropriate care.

They are the one who assign to gives training of activities necessary in daily living. A. Physical therapist B. Occupational therapist C. Caregiver

B. Occupational therapist

They are the one who assign to gives training of physical abilities such as walking. A. Caregiver B. Nurse C. Physical Therapist D. Occupational Therapist

C. Physical Therapist

It refers to predicting risks, getting involved as an organization and working as an organization to prevent accident. A. Disaster management B. Risk management C. Emergency management D. Prevention management

B. Risk management

Which of the following statement is true about the care service in Japan? A. Care service depends on the decisions of the family. B. Care service can be done if the doctors allowed it. C. Care service depends on the decision of the user. D. User's decision doesn't matter.

C. Care service depends on the decision of the user.

The following statements are about "support to independence" except. A. Choosing what is best for the user. B. Refers to a provision of support to user deciding on the life they want. C. Respecting the user concept of values and what they particular about. D. Support appropriate to their capabilities are provided.

A. Choosing what is best for the user.

What is the basic flow of care process? A. care plan development > assessment > evaluation > care plan implementation B. care plan implementation>assessment>evaluation>care plan development C. assessment>care plan development>care plan implementation>evaluation D. evaluation>care plan development>evaluation>care plan implementation

C. assessment>care plan development>care plan implementation>evaluation

The FF are kinds of route infections except A. contagious infection B. droplet infection C. airborne infection D. blood infection

A. contagious infection

If an accident occur in the work place, which action should be taken? A. Willingly leave for the days until condition is ok. B. Think of the cause of the situation. C. Keep a record and report it. D. Continue on working no matter what is the situation is.

C. Keep a record and report it.

Hospital caregivers must follow hospital policies and uphold their standards. True or False?

True

Home caregivers need to assist their clients in going to hospital visits or other necessary activities outside their homes. True or False?

True

Caregivers use the care plan to keep track of the clients’ medication. True or False?

True

Caregivers are not involved in the development of a care plan. True or False?

False

Home caregivers are not required to help with household chores. True or False?

False

Caregivers who work in the hospitals report directly to the client's physician. True or False?

False

Caregivers are part of the healthcare team. True or False?

True

There are only 2 setups where caregivers work: care facilities and hospitals. True or False?

False

Home caregivers do not need to assist clients in performing basic needs like bathing, grooming, and toileting anymore. True or False?

False

Caregivers provide emotional support and encouragement to their clients in accomplishing necessary tasks. True or False?

True

What is the definition of homeostasis?

It maintains constant body temperature.

What is the best definition of high blood?

When the systolic is high.

What is the function of autonomic nerves?

It controls the function of internal organs, etc.

What is the major function of the bones?

To play the part of locomotor.

It is a thin layer of tissue that lines the funds of the eyes.

Retina

It is a shaped like rugby ball adjust to focus on objects.

Crystalline lens

It sends the stimulation from retina to the brain.

Optic nerve

It is a type of long-term memory involving the capacity to recall words, concepts, or numbers, which is essential for the use and understanding of language.

Semantic Memory Ex: Remembering the capital of Japan

It is the ability to learn, store, and retrieve information about unique personal experiences that occur in daily life. These memories typically include information about the time and place of an event, as well as detailed information about the event itself.

Episodic Memory Ex: When you remember your first kiss

It refers to the phenomenon where exposure to one stimulus (the "prime") influences a person's response to a subsequent stimulus, even without conscious awareness of the first stimulus. This means that something you've seen or heard can subtly affect how you react to something else later on, even if you don't realize the connection.

Priming Memory Ex: When you see the doctor you remember in the hospital

It refers to the type of long-term memory that stores information about how to perform actions or tasks, like riding a bike or tying shoes. It's often described as the memory of "knowing how" to do something, as opposed to the memory of "knowing that". This type of memory is formed through repeated practice and becomes automatic, allowing individuals to perform tasks without conscious thought.

Procedural Memory Ex: Knowledge of riding a bike

It is primarily responsible for integrating sensory information, particularly touch, temperature, pressure, and pain, and for spatial awareness and navigation. It also plays a role in visuospatial reasoning, number sense, and language processing.

Parietal lobe Ex: sense of taste

It is the largest lobe of the brain, plays a crucial role in higher-level cognitive functions like planning, decision-making, problem-solving, and voluntary movements. It's also involved in personality, emotion regulation, and social understanding.

Frontal Lobe Ex: sense of smell and integration of movements

It plays a crucial role in processing auditory information, including language comprehension and memory formation, particularly for auditory and visual memories. It also contributes to emotional processing and certain aspects of visual perception, like object and face recognition.

Temporal lobe Ex: knowledge and memory

It primarily functions as the brain's visual processing center. It's responsible for receiving and interpreting visual information from the eyes, allowing us to perceive and understand what we see, including features like color, motion, and object recognition.

Occipital Lobe Ex: eyesight

It is the most common form of dementia, a neurodegenerative condition causing progressive memory loss and other cognitive impairments. It is characterized by deterioration in cognition and memory, difficulties with activities of daily living, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) Ex: The brain shrinks, senile plaques appear.

It is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain, which damages and eventually kills brain cells. This can happen as a result of: narrowing and blockage of the small blood vessels inside the brain. a single stroke, where the blood supply to part of the brain is suddenly cut off.

Vascular Dementia Ex: Blood vessels get clogged and part of the brain cells die

It is a progressive brain disorder characterized by problems with thinking, movement, behavior, and mood. It is a form of dementia where Lewy bodies, abnormal clumps of protein, accumulate in the brain. Symptoms include visual hallucinations, fluctuating alertness and attention, and Parkinsonian-like movement problems. DLB is often misdiagnosed because its symptoms can overlap with other conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) Ex: occipital lobe shrinks

It is a group of neurodegenerative disorders primarily affecting the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, leading to progressive changes in behavior, personality, and language skills. Unlike Alzheimer's disease, FTD more commonly affects these areas earlier in its progression.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) Ex: the frontal and temporal shrinks

It is a classification system developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to understand and categorize health-related states, including functioning and disability. The ICF provides a framework for describing and organizing information on functioning and disability, encompassing various aspects of health, including body functions, activities, and participation.

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)

Which of the following statements is true about lever principle? A. Point your feet in opposite direction B. When lifting you should use the smallest muscle group of your body. C. To prevent lower back pain when lifting, use the smallest energy of your body. D. Use a wide base support.

D. Use a wide base support.

Which of the following shows the professional ethics of the care worker? A. Users are given a full assistance by the care worker. B. Treating user's information as confidential. C. Thinking about the user's family feeling. D. Relaying information to the other organizations outside the facility.

B. Treating user's information as confidential.

Which of the following is true about inter professional collaboration? A. Same profession holds a meeting to improve clients QOL. B. Compose of different professions that share common goals. C. The careworker and user should maintain a good relationship. D. This concern the relationship between users.

B. Compose of different professions that share common goals.

Which of the following is true about quality of life? A. The top most priority is to give activities concerning ADL B. Focuses on the happiness of the user. C. Environment factors should be considered when giving activities. D. It is to treat each individual normally.

C. Environment factors should be considered when giving activities.

In care process, which of the ff is evaluation? A. Gather information on the user and analyze the issue of daily living. B. Develop the content of the care plan C. Provide care for the user based on the care plan D. Evaluate whether the content of the care plan are suitable for the user.

D. Evaluate whether the content of the care plan are suitable for the user.

They are the one who assign to gives training in daily living. A. Physical therapist B. Nurse C. Occupational therapist D. Careworker

C. Occupational therapist

They are the one who assign to gives training of physical abilities such as walking. A. Careworker B. Nurse C. Physical therapist D. Occupational therapist

C. Physical therapist

It refers to predicting risks, getting involved as an organization and working to prevent accident. A. Disaster Management B. Risks Management C. Emergency Management D. Prevention Management

B. Risks Management

The following are kinds of route infections, except. A. Contagious infection B. Droplet infection C. Airborne infections D. Blood infections

A. Contagious infection

If an accident occur in the workplace which action should be taken first? A. Willingly leave for the days B. Think the cause of the situation C. Keep a record and keep it. D. Continued on working no matter what is the situation

C. Keep a record and keep it.

Which of the following is appropriate about Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? A. Love and belongingness: long term goals B. Safety and security: relationship with others C. Self-actualization: house structure D. Physiological: needs to drink water

D. Physiological: needs to drink water

It refers to state of mind in which a person desires to get/achieve something. A. wants B. needs C. dream D. plan

C. dream

W/c of the FF is not a Maslow's hierarchy of needs? A. Love or belongingness B. Safety needs C. Self-actualization needs D. Intellectual needs

D. Intellectual needs

W/c of the FF statements describes cyanosis? A. A disease of metabolic disorder causing high blood sugar level B. Caused by pathogens entering the lungs C. Extreme difficulty of breathing and lips and nails turns to bluish purple D. Skin itching and rashes

C. Extreme difficulty of breathing and lips and nails turns to bluish purple

It is implanted in the chest due to problem with pulse. A. inhaler B. dialysis C. stoma D. pacemaker

D. pacemaker

Physiological symptoms of dementia in which one believe something is not real? A. hallucinations B. delusion C. wandering D. depression

B. delusion

Speech, sign language, letters and characters are example of?

Verbal communication

Face and hand gestures are example of?

Non-verbal communication

Points to avoid when communicating with a person with aphasia. A. Talk to the person slowly and clearly B. Point out minor speech errors C. Use hand and body gesture D. Use of illustrations

B. Point out minor speech errors

W/c of the FF is a tool for communicating with people who are blind? A. clock position B. braille C. white board marker D. body language

B. braille

The FF are points to remember when communicating with users with disorder, except. A. Facing the users while talking B. Talking loudly and clearly C. Talking to the side of less impaired D. Conversing with the user in quiet environment

B. Talking loudly and clearly

When you have trouble or something you do not understand, seek advice from colleagues specialist are called? A. reporting B. consulting C. recording D. confirming

B. consulting

W/c of the ff is easy to aspirate? A. yogurt B. miso soup C. porridge D. jelly

B. miso soup

W/c of the ff diseases is related to aspiration? A. oral ulcer B. gastritis C. urinary tract infection D. hypertension

A. oral ulcer

Take the user's back off to the bed once after raising their upper body is called? A. lifting B. senuki C. rising D. lying

B. senuki (removing pressure or load from the user's back by adjusting their position after raising their upper body, often to prevent bedsores or discomfort.)

It is a necrosis of skin caused by being bedridden for a long time w/c leads to circulation disorders in the areas where one's are protruded. A. sacral region B. skin C. pressure ulcer D. eczema

C. pressure ulcer

Region of the body most likely vulnerable to pressure ulcer except? A. sacral region B. stomach region C. buttocks D. heel region

B. stomach region

Refers to the various physiological states caused by staying a long time inactivity? A. bed sores B. pruritis C. disuse syndrome D. edema

C. disuse syndrome

Choose the best answer from the ff about transferring from bed to wheelchair? A. The bed shall be adjusted to the height so both feet of the user touch the floor when in sitting position. B. When transferring from the bed to a wheelchair, the careworker shall hold on the knee of the user's healthy side. C. The wheelchair should be placed on the user's affected side. D. The height of the bed does not need to be adjusted

A. The bed shall be adjusted to the height so both feet of the user touch the floor when in sitting position.

W/c part of the body is most common site of bedsore when sitting for a long time? A. shoulder blade B. buttocks C. sacral region D. pelvis

B. buttocks

When is the best time to trim the user's nail? A. upon waking up B. after taking a meal C. after taking a bath D. after giving grooming assistance

C. after taking a bath

Choose one that is appropriate to independence support? A. Do not give explanations from expert B. The self personality does not matter C. Help him with everything D. Use the power that the person has.

D. Use the power that the person has.

Stage of eating and swallowing where the color, shape and smell of food is recognized? A. oral stage B. preparatory stage C. pharyngeal stage D. anticipatory stage

D. anticipatory stage

The swallowing reflex occurs and bolus passes through the pharynx is called? A. oral stage B. preparatory stage C. anticipatory stage D. pharyngeal stage

D. pharyngeal stage

What is the normal volume of urination? A. 2000ml-3000ml B. 300ml-500ml C. 1500ml-2000ml D. 1000ml-1500ml

D. 1000ml-1500ml

Normal frequency of urination? A. 2-4 times a day B. 3-5 times a day C. 5-6 times a day D. 4-6 times a day

D. 4-6 times a day

Leakage of urine due to spinal chord injury. A. urge incontinence B. overflow incontinence C. functional incontinence D. reflex incontinence

D. reflex incontinence

It is time that we nourish our bodies to remain active and maintain our lives. A. bathing B. relaxing C. grooming D. meal

D. meal

Refers to the activities we perform to make ourselves neat and clean such as washing face and changing clothes. A. performing B. bathing C. IADL D. grooming

D. grooming

Points to remember regarding nursing care related to brushing teeth. A. first, have the user gargle B. brush tooth with short quick motion, leaving no tooth unbrush C. observe the state of the oral cavity D. all of the above

D. all of the above

The best way nursing care related to brushing teeth except for. A. Establishing eye contact on the same level as that of the user B. Place your hand at the back of the head C. Hold the toothbrush like a pencil D. Do not use sponge brush

D. Do not use sponge brush

Best thing to do after bathing, except. A. wipe the body B. put clothes on the user C. have the user take liquid D. encourage them to defecate

D. encourage them to defecate

Special dishes to celebrate the beginning of the year in Japan is called? A. osechi ryori B. osechi suchi C. taberu matsuri D. matsuri omedetou

A. osechi ryori

Refers to a sudden giving way of the knee while assuming a standing position or walking. A. knee buckling B. lower back pain C. knee bending D. osteoporosis

A. knee buckling

W/c of this is not a part of decubitus position? A. long sitting position B. supine position C. lateral position D. prone position

A. long sitting position

W/c is not the activities that enhance immunity? A. moderate exercises B. laughing a lot C. well balanced diet D. shortage of sleep

D. shortage of sleep

It is a system that responsible for removing waste from the body. A. digestive system B. respiratory system C. ecosystem D. urinary system

D. urinary system

Things to remember when going down the slope using wheelchair. A. Confirm that the direction behind you is safe. B. The care worker should stand with one in front of wheelchair. C. Proceed with the wheelchair facing backwards. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

w/c of this is not a tool in meal assistance? A. cup with holder B. chopsticks with spring C. bendable fork and spoon D. bare hands

D. bare hands

In clock position method where should we put the chopsticks? A. 3 o'clock B. 5 o'clock C. 4 o'clock D. 6 o'clock

D. 6 o'clock (spoon right side and fork left side)

Leakage occurs as the individual cannot make it to the toilet in time is called? A. overflow incontinence B. reflex incontinence C. urge incontinence D. functional incontinence

D. functional incontinence

Type of constipation that occurs when the path of feces is blocked due to tumor and inflammation is called? A. functional constipation B. urge constipation C. dysfunctional constipation D. organic constipation

D. organic constipation

When washing face where do we start washing? A. cheeks B. forehead C. nose D. around eyes

D. around eyes

W/c of the following statements is true about care service in Japan? A. Care service depends on the decision of the family. B. Care service can be done if the doctors allowed it. C. User's decision does not matter. D. Care service depends on the decision of the care user.

D. Care service depends on the decision of the care user.

W/c of the following is not human rights abuse? A. abandonment of nursing care B. psychological abuse C. economic abuse D. tying the body, hands and feet

D. tying the body, hands and feet

The FF are the cause of stress except. A. noise B. temperature C. sleep D. human relations

C. sleep

How many levels are in AH Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

C. 5

What is the normal blood pressure? A. 120/100 B. 90/60 C. 120/80 D. 140/80

C. 120/80

The FF are physical changes due to aging except. A. hearing impairment B. poorer vision C. anxiety and stress D. shortage of sleep

C. anxiety and stress

It refers to the build up of excess fluid in the body due to reduced function of internal organs. A. hypertension B. pruritus C. edema D. insomia

C. edema

It is a disease caused by pathogens entering the lungs. A. influenza B. cough C. pneumonia D. heart disease

C. pneumonia

Verbal communication is made thru what? A. body gesture B. hand gesture C. facial expressions D. sign language

D. sign language

Empathetic is describe as. A. Attentive listening implies listening to the speaker carefully B. Accepting the other party's opinion and feelings w/out denying or admitting them. C. Sharing others opinions and feelings D. Important to try and understand things from the others standpoint

D. Important to try and understand things from the others standpoint

Refers to a question that let the other party answer freely such as what do you think? A. direct question B. closed question C. question and answer D. open question

D. open question

W/c is the correct way in communicating w/ visual impairment? A. Keep nodding and agree what they are saying w/out disturbing. B. It's better to communicate w/them using picture as sign of respect. C. Talk to him face to face and keep smiling so that he feels comfortable. D. Make it clear to whom you are talking.

D. Make it clear to whom you are talking.

What is the right order of 3 point gait? A. cane, affected side, unaffected side B. cane, unaffected side, affected side C. cane and affected side, unaffected side D. cane and unaffected side, affected side

A. cane, affected side, unaffected side

It is a language disorder caused by damage to the brain, most commonly from a stroke, head injury, brain tumor, or neurological disease. It affects a person's ability to communicate, including speaking, understanding speech, reading, and writing.

Aphasia

It is a motor speech disorder caused by weakness, paralysis, or lack of coordination of the muscles used for speaking. Unlike aphasia (which affects language processing), dysarthria affects the physical production of speech.

Dysarthria

It is the medical term for difficulty swallowing. It can affect the movement of food or liquid from the mouth to the stomach and can occur at any stage of the swallowing process—oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal.

Dysphagia

Going upstairs: A. cane, foot of an unaffected side, foot of an affected side B. cane, foot of an affected side, foot of an unaffected side C. cane and unaffected side, affected side D. cane and affected side, unaffected side

A. cane, foot of an unaffected side, foot of an affected side

Going downstairs: A. cane, foot of an affected side, foot of an unaffected side B. cane, foot of an unaffected side, foot of an affected side C. cane and affected side, unaffected side D. cane and unaffected side, affected side

A. cane, foot of an affected side, foot of an unaffected side

The color, shape and smell of the food is recognized

Anticipatory Stage

The food put in the mouth to form a ball of food

Preparatory Stage

The bolus is transmitted from the oral cavity to larynx

Oral Stage

The epiglottis closes to prevent the bolus entering the trachea

Pharyngeal Stage

The bolus moves into the stomach thru the esophagus

esophageal stage

What tool do we use when the user are not aware of urination? A. diaper B. urine bottle C. bed pan D. portable toilet

A. diaper

It is referring to loose or watery feces. A. diarrhea B. constipation C. acidity D. dysfunctional

A. diarrhea

Best thing to do related before bathing, except? A. Improve the surrounding environment B. Adjust the temperature of bathroom and dressing room C. Have a user sit on the toilet D. Pick a dress that suit the user

D. Pick a dress that suit the user

Organs of the body that filters the waste product from the blood and forms urine is. A. bladder B. anus C. kidney D. ureter

C. kidney

Significance of oral care, except. A. Helps to keep the oral cavity clean and prevent decayed teeth B. Helps promote saliva secretion and prevent aspiration pneumonia C. Helps decrease the sense of taste and appetite D. Reduce the numbers of germs in oral cavity

C. Helps decrease the sense of taste and appetite

Parts of the skin, except? A. eccrine gland B. sebaceous gland C. pituitary gland D. Dermis

C. pituitary gland

W/c of this is not part of decubitus position? A. sitting edge position B. supine position C. lateral position D. prone position

A. sitting edge position

W/c of the FF method is appropriate in meal assistance with user with visual impairment? A. clock position B. braille C. body language D. sign language

A. clock position

The FF points to remember when communicating with the user with hearing disorder except? A. facing the user while talking B. talking loudly and clearly C. talking to side of the less impaired D. conversing with the user in a quiet environment

B. talking loudly and clearly

Choose the most appropriate toilet environment. A. Let the user know that you'll be waiting outside before leaving B. Do not enter the toilet together w/ the user C. The door of the entrance/exit is better to open inward than open outward D. Make sure you are inside the toilet to ensure safety

A. Let the user know that you'll be waiting outside before leaving

When bolus enters the mouth and chewed, what part of the body in w/c peristalsis movement start? A. oral cavity B. stomach C. esophagus D. small intestine

C. esophagus

Choose the appropriate grooming assistance for elderly. A. the best time is after bathing B. use shave for male elderly C. putting on make up to user because user's skin is very sensitive D. provide total assistance

A. the best time is after bathing

If accident occurs in the workplace, what is the appropriate action should be taken? A. willingly leave the place B. think the cause of the situation C. keep a record and report it D. be professional and continue to work

C. keep a record and report it

W/c of this is true about inter professional collaboration? A. same profession holds a meeting to improve client's QOL B. compose of different professional that share common goal C. care worker and user maintain a good relationship D. this concerns about the relationship between user

B. compose of different professional that share common goal

A good way to prevent cross contamination in work place? A. Use gloves when treating psoriasis only B. use mask covering mouth only C. save materials such as gloves to prevent high costing D. wash your hands in running water w/soap

D. wash your hands in running water w/soap

It is referring to the quality of person's daily living such as happiness, wealth, and well being. A. self-independence B. user centric C. professional ethics D. quality of life

D. quality of life

In care process w/c of this is evaluation? A. Gather information on the user and analyze the issue of daily living B. Develop content of the care plan C. Provide the care based on the care plan D. Evaluate whether the content of the care plan are suitable for the user.

D. Evaluate whether the content of the care plan are suitable for the user.

Refers to the provision of support to a user to enable them to live their life and letting them decide on the life they want to live. A. consideration of privacy B. normalization C. maintaining privacy D. self-independence support

D. self-independence support

All of these are considered as maintaining confidentiality, except: A. Obtain information of the user in order to provide appropriate care. B. The care worker must not disclose the personal information of the user. C. The care worker must not spread the information on the internet D. It is important for careworker to give consideration for the privacy of the user.

A. Obtain information of the user in order to provide appropriate care.

It is refer to predicting risks, getting involve as an organization and working to prevent accident. A. disaster management B. risk management C. emergency management D. prevention management

B. risk management

The FF are route infection. except. A. contagious B. droplet infection C. airborne infection D. blood infection

A. contagious

They are the one who was assigned to give training of physical abilities such as walking. A. caregiver B. nurse C. physical therapist D. occupational therapist

C. physical therapist

W/c is appropriate about Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? A. Love and belongingness: long term goal B. Safety and security: relationship with friends C. self-actualization: house structure D. physiological: needs to drink water

D. physiological: needs to drink water

W/c is true about episodic type of memory? A. memory of experiences and events B. knowledge of playing piano C. able to multi-task D. able to recite all the capitals of every country

A. memory of experiences and events

The ff are changes that occur among elderly, except. A. decrease in field of view B. weak respiratory function C. reduction of muscle strength D. increase in hearing ability

D. increase in hearing ability

W/c of the ff id not true in aphasia? A. aphasia is communication disorder B. it refers to problems in swallowing certain foods C. have trouble speaking D. It is a result of brain damage responsible for language

B. it refers to problems in swallowing certain foods

Our spinal chord is shape like? A. letter W B. letter C C. letter S D. letter I

C. letter S

It is a state of mind in w/c the person wants to get something. A. wants B. needs C. dream D. play

A. wants

W/c is most appropriate about record keeping and reporting? A. To provide good quality nursing care B. It is significant in two perspective C. For the benefits of the user D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Mr. Lee's son died due to accident, how to approach him? A. Give him space to grieve B. Listen to the user on what he wants to say C. Crack some jokes D. Encourage him to join recreational activity

B. Listen to the user on what he wants to say

W/c of the ff is a subjective information? A. observations B. information from interview C. type of disability D. pulse and rate

B. information from interview

Choose the most appropriate listening techniques. A. First listen to the objective facts. B. Listen carefully without disturbing the other person's language C. Listen while staring at the other person's eyes. D. Talking to others while listening

B. Listen carefully without disturbing the other person's language

W/c is not correct regarding bathing assistance? A. For right hemiplegic user, enter the bath tub w/ left foot first. B. Cover the user's private part with towel C. For hemiplegic user, enter the bath tub w/ affected side first D. Let the user drink before and after taking bath.

C. For hemiplegic user, enter the bath tub w/ affected side first

W/c is not correct regarding oral care? A. It is effective for the prevention of aspiration pneumonia B. The caregiver should lift the chin of the user and gently brush the teeth and tongue. C. To prevent spread of germs, the caregiver should wear disposable gloves when brushing the user's teeth. D. To prevent damaging the user's teeth or gum hold the toothbrush like pencil.

B. The caregiver should lift the chin of the user and gently brush the teeth and tongue.

It is important to maintain the proper body mechanics, w/c of the ff is incorrect? A. making the user's body small B. avoiding to twist your body by doing a side step pivoting C. using small base support since the higher the center gravity, the more stable the body become. D. using proper body mechanics that will prevent lower back pain and ensure safety

C. using small base support since the higher the center gravity, the more stable the body become.

In assistance related to moving with wheelchair, w/c is incorrect? A. Place the user's feet on the foot paths. B. Check the user's physical condition. C. Tell the user that we will go up, before going up on stairs. D. Tell the user that you will press the tipping bar with your foot before going down the slope

D. Tell the user that you will press the tipping bar with your foot before going down the slope.

W/c of the ff is not appropriate in grooming assistance? A. The caregiver should choose a comfortable outfit for the user. B. Assisting the user when they are unstable to do it by their self. C. For visually impaired user, explain the design of materials to be used in grooming and let them touch those materials. D. Inform the user before giving assistance.

A. The caregiver should choose a comfortable outfit for the user.

What is appropriate when assisting during defecation? A. always use diaper B. assume forward bend position during defecation C. open some windows and door for some fresh air D. cleaning the genital area from front to back

B. assume forward bend position during defecation

W/c is not appropriate in assisting user during excretion? A. use disposable gloves and apron B. stick to user's defecation routine C. stay beside the user D. confirm if the user is in stable position

C. stay beside the user

in movement assistance with the use of assertive device, w/c is not appropriate? A. Check the physical condition of the user. B. Follow the order, cane, foot of affected side the foot of unaffected side when going downstairs. C. Make sure the user hold the handrail using both hands D. The care worker should stand one step lower when going upstairs. C.

C. Make sure the user hold the handrail using both hands

In ascending the stairs while using cane, w/c is not appropriate? A. Check the physical condition of the user. B. Follow the order, cane, foot of the unaffected side then foot of affected side. C. Make sure that the user holds the cane with strong hands. D. The care worker is one step higher.

D. The care worker is one step higher.

In self independence support, w/c of the ff is not appropriate? A. Bathing, eating are assisted by the care worker to the fullest for the user to have a comfortable life. B. Using the remaining functions even with disabilities and also respecting the user's concept of themselves. C. Promoting self independence by letting user se their remaining ability. D. Making the user feel a sense of independence.

A. Bathing, eating are assisted by the care worker to the fullest for the user to have a comfortable life.

In meal assistance, the ff are correct, except. A. Being careful by checking if the user has food allergy. B. Not letting the user drink liquid before meal because they might lose appetite. C. Avoid standing while assisting because it makes the user's chin lifted up and may increase the risk of aspiration. D. Cooking pasted or pureed food will make the user easy to swallow.

B. Not letting the user drink liquid before meal because they might lose appetite.

W/c of the ff is not correct about movement assistance using wheelchair? A. Deactivate the break when no one is using. B. Raise the foot paths when entering or exiting the chair. C. Go down the slope w/ the wheelchair facing backwards. D. Make sure that all the parts of the wheelchair are in good condition.

A. Deactivate the break when no one is using.

In nursing it refers to the use of proper body alignment, posture, balance, and movements to safely lift, carry, and move objects and patients. It's a crucial skill for nurses to minimize strain and prevent injuries to both themselves and their patients.

Body Mechanics

In body mechanics refers to the area where your body makes contact with the supporting surface, like the ground or a chair. A wider BOS provides greater stability and balance. Maintaining a good BOS is crucial for preventing injuries and performing tasks safely and efficiently, especially when lifting or moving objects.

Base of Support (BOS)

It is a point in an object where its weight is evenly distributed, making it balanced. It's the average location of the object's weight. In simpler terms, it's the point where you could imagine all the object's weight to be concentrated.

Center of Gravity (COG)

It refers to the period when the heart muscle contracts, pushing blood out into the arteries. It is the "pumping" phase.

Systole

It is the phase when the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood. It is the "filling" phase.

Diastole

In going down the stairs or descending with a cane the ff ordered should be followed:

cane - foot of the affected side - foot of the unaffected side

In ascending stairs with a cane follow this order:

cane - foot of the unaffected side - foot of affected side

It is a kind of sleep that is close to being awake, where the brain is not sleeping. It is the stage of sleep where most dreams happen. Its name comes from how your eyes move behind your eyelids while you're dreaming.

Rapid eye movement (REM)

It is a deep sleep where the brain is sleeping. It's a period of quiet, restful sleep where brain activity, breathing, and heart rate slow down, and muscles relax. It is crucial for bodily repair, building muscle and bone, and strengthening the immune system.

Non-REM (NREM) sleep

2 Point Gait Sequence in ascending stairs using cane:

1. Hold the cane on strong/good side 2. Move the good leg onto the step and put weight on the cane 3. Move the cane and bad leg up on the step

Sequence in descending stairs using cane:

1. Hold the cane on the good side. 2. Move cane down on step with bad leg 3. Move good leg down on step

A kind of infection that spread through droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking.

Droplet infection

A kind of infection that spread through tiny particles that remain suspended in the air and can be inhaled.

Airborne infection

A kind of infection that spread through contact with infected blood, often via needles, transfusions, or wounds.

Blood infection

Is a specialist profession that provides support to the people who have difficulties in daily living due to age and/or disability to enable them to continue their usual lifestyle.

Nursing Care Profession

It is the basic concept in the provision of the support. It means that each person is respected as an individual and his/her human rights are protected even when he/she is in need of nursing care.

Human Dignity

It differs from person to person, depending on their way of thinking and habits. Even if a person is in need of nursing care, it is the user himself/herself who takes the lead in daily living.

Daily lifestyle

It is considering how the user wants to live, respecting his/her way of living and thinking and providing support to help him/her live his/her usual life.

Basics of nursing care

It refers to the person's daily living and that of his/her life. Is a concept that includes mental wealth such as happiness and satisfaction and purpose of life.

QOL or Quality of Life

Is a concept that refers to people with disability, just like people without disability, living normally without being subjected to prejudice and with their human rights respected. It also refers to their continuing a normal lifestyle, maintaining their usual way without patience in the local society and community.

Normalization

Refers to the provision of support to the user to enable him/her to live a usual life after selecting and deciding on the life he/she wants to live. Not only support related to moving, dressing and other physical movement but also support appropriate to his/her capabilities are provided. Respecting the user's concept of values and what he/she is particular about, support is provided to increase the number of things he/she can do at his/her own will and own ability to give a sense of accomplishments.

Self Independence Support

Even if he/she is in need of nursing care, he/she will independently choose and decide the style and method of daily living so that he/she can live her usual life.

Self choice and determination

It differs depending on countries, cultures and customs. There are variety of lifestyles depending on the will and values of people and what they are particular about. Some people wake up in the morning, wash their face, have meals, go to the bathroom, take a bath, engage in recreational activities and go to bed in the rhythm of life.

Activities of Daily Living

What are the professional ethics of care worker?

1. Consideration for privacy 2. Maintaining of confidentiality 3. Prohibition of physical restraint 4. Abuse

The user's skin is exposed during bathing and toilet use. It is important for care worker to give consideration for privacy of other user so that he/she will not feel embarrassed.

Consideration of privacy

It is necessary for a care worker to obtain information on the user to provide appropriate care however he/she must not disclose the personal information (age, address, clinical history, etc) of the user to any third party without the users permission. A care worker must not spread the information on the internet, SNS, etc. without his/her consent.

Maintaining of confidentiality

Refers to the restriction of user's physical movement. It has adverse effect such as physical abilities and worsening of dementia symptoms of the user.

Physical Restraint

The following are examples of what? 1. restrict movements by tying the body, hands and feet 2. Put safety rails around the so that the user cannot get off the bed by himself/herself. 3. Lock the door of the room to keep the user inside. 4. Have the user wear a restraint belt to keep him/her from standing. 5. Administer an extreme amount of psychotropic medication.

Prohibition of Physical Restraint

It refers to the violation of human rights of the user.

Abuse

What are the 5 types of physical abuse:

1. Physical Abuse 2. Psychological Abuse 3. Abandonment of Nursing Care ,etc (neglect) 4. Economic Abuse 5. Sexual Abuse

To use violence on the user's body is called:

Physical Abuse

To speak and behave in a manner that will cause the user psychological trauma is called:

Psychological Abuse

To leave the person in need of nursing care unattended is called:

Abandonment of nursing care (neglect)

To obtain economic benefits wrongfully from the user.

Economic Abuse

To commit indecent act to the user

Sexual Abuse

Professionals responsible for the user's medical care.

1. Doctor 2. Dentist 3. Nurse

Professionals responsible for the user's nursing care/assisted living care

1. care workers 2. care manager 3. social worker

Professionals responsible for the user's nutrition/meals

1. cook 2.nutritionist/registered dietitian

Professionals responsible for the user's rehabilitation

1. Physical Therapist (PT) 2. Speech-language-hearing Therapist (ST) 3. Occupational Therapist (OT)

A professional which diagnoses and treats disease.

Doctor

A professional who follows the doctor's instructions, provides recuperative care and assist the doctor in providing medical care

Nurse

A professional who gives training of physical activities such as walking

Physical Therapist

A professional who gives training of activities necessary in daily living.

Occupational Therapist

A professional who gives training to user's who have difficulties in speaking and swallowing (deglutition)

Speech-Language-Hearing Therapist

A professional on food and eating. There are users for whom needs to be taken about forms of meals, calories, etc due to a diseases.

Registered dietitian

A professional who gives consultation to users, contact the user's family and make adjustments regarding welfare services.

Care manager/Social worker

Kinds of care services

1. Care service provided by home visits 2. Care service provided to visiting care recipient in care facilities (during daytime) 3. Care service provided to users living in care facilities.

Care Process

1. Assessment (gather information on the user and analyze the issues of daily living) 2. Care Plan Development (develop the contents of the care plan to offer the user) 3. Evaluation (evaluate whether the contents of the care plan are suitable for the user) 4. Care Plan Implementation (provide care to the user based on the care plan)

It refers to carefully look at and find out the state of the user.

Observation

Significance of Observation

1. What the care worker observes will be used to improve the life of the user. 2. The things that have been observed are recorded and shared by all the staff.

Method of Observation

1. There is information obtained by getting involved with the user. 2. There is information obtained by getting the user's temperature, etc.

It is necessary for care workers to maintain his/her own health. It is not possible to provide better nursing care if the worker himself is not healthy.

Health management of care workers

It can help prevent lower back pain. It refers to the way our body moves based on relationships between bones and muscles

Use of body mechanics: 1. Maintain a wide base of support and lower the center of gravity. (use of a cane can widen the base support and increase stability) 2. Bring the center of gravity of the care worker and that of the recipient close together. (You can provide care with a smaller amount of force if you are closer to the patient) 3. Use bigger muscles such as thighs. ( You can provide nursing care easily by using your bigger muscles) 4. Tuck the user's arms and legs closer to the center of his/her body. (This will make the base of support smaller) 5. Pull the user toward you rather push him/her (pulling causes less friction) 6. Move you center of gravity as horizontally as possible (it's easier to move thing if you use whole body) 7. Do not twist your body. Set your toes to the direction towards which you are pushing the item. (a bigger burden will be on your lower back if you twist your body) 8. Use the principle of leverage (create a fulcrum and you can turn a small amount of force into a big one.

3-point gait (三動作歩行) when using a cane is: (For partial weight-bearing on one leg) Common for those recovering from injuries or surgery.

1. Move the cane forward (杖を前に出す) 2. Step forward with the affected (weaker) leg (麻痺側の足を出す) 3. Step forward with the unaffected (stronger) leg (健側の足を出す) This method provides stability and support while walking. Let me know if you need more details!

1-Point Gait (Swing-To or Swing-Through) Used by individuals with strong upper body support (e.g., those with bilateral leg weakness).

1. Move the cane forward. 2. Swing both legs forward together (either to or past the cane).

2-Point Gait (Faster and more natural) Mimics normal walking, providing support with each step.

1. Move the cane and the affected leg forward together. 2. Move the unaffected leg forward.

4-Point Gait (Most stable, but slow) For individuals who need maximum support.

1. Move the cane forward. 2. Move the affected leg forward. 3. Move the unaffected leg forward. 4. Repeat in sequence. Each gait pattern is chosen based on the person's strength, balance, and medical condition.

The correct sequence for dressing a person with hemiplegia (half-body paralysis) in a round-neck shirt is:

1. Start with the unaffected side (stronger side) – Put the shirt over the unaffected arm and shoulder first. 2. Support the affected side (weaker side) – Gently guide the shirt over the affected arm and shoulder. 3. Pull the shirt down carefully – Ensure the shirt is positioned comfortably over the body. This method helps minimize discomfort and strain, while also allowing for a smoother dressing process. Would you like any more details on this?

Points to prevent lower back pain:

1. Confirm the state of the user and use his/her abilities 2. Use assistive devices like lift, sliding board, etc 3. Use body mechanics 4. Review your lifestyle: Its is important to engage in moderate amount of exercise and proper nutrition and rest.

How to maintain mental health:

1. Ensure time for meals and sleep. 2. Find a way to get rid of stress that is suitable to you. 3. Have a conversation/consultation with your colleagues/senior.

Infectious Disease

Is an illness in which pathogens, etc enters the body and causes various symptoms. A person with low resistance to disease is more vulnerable to infectious disease.

Kinds of Pathogens

1. bacteria 2. virus 3. fungi 4. parasites

The principle of infection control is to cut the chain off:

1. Removing the source of infection (pathogenic microorganism, vomitus, urine, feces, etc) 2. Blocking the route of infection (hands, food, supplies) 3. Improving the host's resistance to disease (people, animals)

3 Basic Rules of Infection Control:

1. Do not bring infection in. 2. Do not take infection out 3. Do not spread infection

Routes of Infection:

1. Droplet infection (influenza, etc) 2. Airborne infection (tuberculosis, measles, etc) 3. Contagious infection (Norovirus, E-coli, O-157)

Sources of Infection

1. Blood 2. Body fluids (mucus, saliva, etc) 3. Vomitus, urine, feces, etc

Standard Precautions of Infection

1. Never touch blood, body fluids, urine, vomitus, feces, etc with bare hands. Be sure to wear gloves, mask, vinyl apron. 2. Wash hands even if you are wearing gloves.

Correct way of wearing mask:

Cover your face all the way from your nose to the bottom of your chain.

How to change disposable gloves:

1. Throw them away with the dirty side inside. 2. Throw them away in the designated place. 3. Change them after each action.

Parts of hands that easy to get dirty:

1. fingertips 2. area between fingers 3. back of hands 4. base of thumbs and wrist

Proper Handwashing:

1. remove rings and watches 2. wet fingers with running water 3. Pour an appropriate amount of liquid soap on your palm 4. rub your palm against each other to create a thick lather and wash thoroughly 5. rub and wash the back of your hand with the palm of your other hand. 6. interlace your fingers to wash and rub the area in between the fingers of both hands 7. Wrap the thumb of one hand with the other hand and rub and wash it. 8. rub and wash the fingertips of one hand against the palm of the other hand. 9. carefully rub and wash all the way to both wrist 10. rinse well with running water 11. Wipe off moisture with paper towel to dry your hands thoroughly.

Alcohol Based Antiseptic Hand Rub:

1. If your hands are visibly soiled, first wash them with liquid soup and follow the proper hand washing. 2. Bend your fingers slightly and take an appropriate amount of sprayed anti-septic hand rub on your hands. 3. Rub the palm of one hand against that of the other hand. 4. Rub the fingertips and the back of fingers of one hand with the other hand. 5. Rub the back of one hand with the palm of the other hand. 6. Interlace your fingers to rub the area in between the fingers of both hands. 7. Wrap the thumb of one hand with the other hand and twist and rub it. 8. Carefully rub all the way to both wrist. 9. Rub until dry.

Accident Prevention and Safety Measures:

1. Carefully observe the state of user. (There are times when the user cannot do what he/she usually can.) 2. Confirm whether the user's clothes, footwears are appropriate. 3. Inspect the assistive device before using. (out of order equipment can cause accidents) 4. Confirm the environment (its easy to slip on wet floor and easy to fall when trip on a cord)

It refers to predicting possible risks, getting involve as an organization and working to prevent accidents is called?

Risk Management

Examples of Risk Management:

1. While transferring the user from the bed to a wheelchair, the user nearly fell. 2. Think why it happened. (A. the break was not activated. B. Record the incident) 3. Preventive Measures (A. Make sure to confirm that the break is activated the next time onwards. B. Share the information with everyone.)

Disaster Preparedness Measures:

1. Prepare necessary supplies (flashlight, battery, radio, mask, gloves, jackets, first aid kit, medicine, canned goods, water, tissue paper, wipes, towel, lighter, money, hard hat) 2. Implement emergency drills 3.

Understanding of the mind:

1. emotions (feeling happy, sad, mad, sorry, having fun) 2. will (state of mind to positively do something 3. stress (state of strain in the mind and body) 4. memory (the ability to remember things without forgetting) 5. needs (state of mind in which the person wants to get something)

Causes of Stress:

1. noise 2. temperature 3. physical factors (shortage of sleep, fatigue, hunger) 4. bodily factors (anxiety, fear, excitement 5. human relations and other psychological/social factors

Process of Memory:

1. memorization (to memorize new things 2. retention (to retain the information) 3. recall ( to bring the information back into your mind)

Kinds of Memory:

1. Episodic Memory (memory of experiences and specific events) 2. Semantic Memory (memory of knowledge) 3. Priming Memory (memory that is unconsciously remembered) 4. Procedural Memory (memory that one's body remembers)

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:

5. Self Actualization Needs (needs for maximizing one's potential) 4. Esteem Needs (needs to be recognized by others) 3. Love/belonging needs (need to be involve with others) 2. Safety needs (needs to protect oneself) 1. Physiological needs (needs to sustain life)

It is a biological system in the body that tries to maintain a constant state even if there a change in the environment?

homeostasis

Functions of Homeostasis:

1. Temperature Regulation: The body maintains a constant internal temperature (around 37°C or 98.6°F) to ensure proper enzyme activity and metabolic processes. This is achieved through mechanisms like sweating, shivering, and blood flow adjustments. 2. Water Balance: The body regulates the balance of water and electrolytes to prevent dehydration or overhydration. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering excess water or retaining it as needed. 3. Blood pH Balance: Homeostasis maintains a stable pH level in the blood (around 7.35–7.45) to ensure the proper functioning of enzymes and metabolic pathways. This is regulated by buffers, lungs (through CO2 levels), and kidneys (through excretion of hydrogen ions). 4. Blood Glucose Regulation: The body keeps blood sugar levels stable, which is essential for energy production. Insulin and glucagon are hormones that control the uptake and release of glucose into the bloodstream. 5. Blood Pressure Regulation: Homeostasis helps to regulate blood pressure by adjusting heart rate, blood vessel dilation, and kidney function. The body can increase or decrease blood pressure as necessary to ensure proper circulation. 6. Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Levels: The respiratory system regulates oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood. If oxygen levels drop or carbon dioxide levels rise, the body adjusts breathing rate to maintain balance. 7. Ion and Mineral Balance: The body regulates the concentrations of ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride. These ions are crucial for nerve function, muscle contractions, and other cellular processes.

It refers to the measure of the internal heat of the body. It indicates how warm or cold the body is and is typically measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F). It has daily rhythm, it is higher during daytime and lower during night time. Normal temperature differs from person to person.

Body Temperature

Parts of the Body from w/c to get Temperature:

1. Armpit 2. Ear 3. Forehead 4. Unparalyzed side (if a person suffers from paralysis)

It is the process by which the body inhales oxygen (O₂) from the air and exhales carbon dioxide (CO₂), a waste product of metabolism. This process is essential for life, as oxygen is needed by cells to produce energy through a process called cellular respiration, and carbon dioxide must be removed from the body to maintain a balanced internal environment.

Breathing Normal breathing for adult is 12-18 times per minute.

Is a state in w/c a person has extreme difficulty breathing, his/her nails turns to bluish purple.

Cyanosis

Refers to the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is pumped through it by the heart. It is a measure of the heart's rate and rhythm, and it can be felt at various points on the body where arteries are close to the skin, such as the wrist, neck, and groin.

pulse Note: the lower the age, the higher the pulse rate is. It goes down when get older.

Places to measure pulse rate:

1. Temporal region (temporal artery) 2. Neck (carotid artery) 3. Elbow (brachial artery) 4. Wrist (radial artery) 5. Groin area

It is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps it around your body. It is a key indicator of heart health and overall cardiovascular function.

Blood Pressure

Components of Blood Pressure:

1. Systolic Pressure: The higher number in a blood pressure reading, representing the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats and pumps blood. Example: In a reading of 120/80 mmHg, the 120 is the systolic pressure. 2. Diastolic Pressure: The lower number, representing the pressure in your arteries when your heart is resting between beats. Example: In a reading of 120/80 mmHg, the 80 is the diastolic pressure. 3. Normal Range: Normal blood pressure is typically around 120/80 mmHg. 4. High blood pressure (Hypertension) is generally defined as a reading above 130/80 mmHg. 5. Low blood pressure (Hypotension) can be considered when readings drop below 90/60 mmHg, but symptoms like dizziness or fainting should be monitored.

It is generally defined as a reading above 130/80 mmHg.

High blood pressure (Hypertension)

It can be considered when readings drop below 90/60 mmHg, but symptoms like dizziness or fainting should be monitored.

Low blood pressure (Hypotension)

The Blood Pressure Goes Up When:

1. gets excited 2. short of sleep 3. straining in the toilet 4. gets nervous 5. experience a sudden change in temperature 6. engages in sudden exercise 7. suppressing an urge to defecate/urinate

Disease Caused by Hypertension

1. Cerebral Infarction 2. Cerebral Hemorrhage 3. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 4. Hypertensive Retinopathy 5. Angina Pectoris 6. Myocardial Infarction 7. Arteriosclerosis

Basic Structure of Human Body:

1. Head 2. Cervix (neck) 3. Trunk (torso) 4. chest 5. abdomen) 4. Upper Limbs 5. Lower Limbs 6. palm 7. sole

It refers to the body temperature , breathing, pulse, blood pressure etc. that indicates the symptoms of being alive.

Vital Sign

It is the body's control center, responsible for sending, receiving, and processing information. It helps the body respond to internal and external changes, allowing us to think, feel, move, and regulate bodily functions.

Nervous System

Nervous System is divided into:

1. central nervous system (brain/spinal cord) 2. peripheral nervous system (cerebral/spinal nerves)

When putting in dentures, the correct order is:

Upper jaw first, then lower jaw — because the upper denture usually has a better fit and helps guide the lower one.

When removing in dentures, the correct order is:

remove the lower denture first, then the upper.

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