English

Question 1

An argument directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining

Answer 1

Ad hominem

Question 2

One of several valid forms of argument is known as the mode of affirming by affirming

Answer 2

Affirming the consequent

Question 3

An argument that suggests that if an idea is popular it is correct

Answer 3

Appeal to bandwagon

Question 4

An argument that concludes a hypothesis is either true or false based on whether or not the outcome is desirable

Answer 4

Appeal to consequences

Question 5

Plays on the fears of the audience by imagining a scary future that would be of their making some propositions were accepted

Answer 5

Appeal to fear

Question 6

Countering a charge with a charge instead of addressing the issue being raised

Answer 6

Appeal to hypocrisy

Question 7

What is the purpose of appeal to hypocrisy?

Answer 7

Divert attention away from the original argument

Question 8

Assuming an idea is true because there is no evidence proving it is not, or vice versa

Answer 8

Appeal to ignorance

Question 9

Begging the question; The proposition that is supporting is supported by the premise which is supported by the question

Answer 9

Circular Reasoning

Question 10

Believing that a group must have a particular attribute because a member has it

Answer 10

Composition

Question 11

Believing that one person must have some attribute because the group she belongs to has that attribute

Answer 11

Division

Question 12

Changing the meaning of a word during an argument and using the different meaning to support some conclusion

Answer 12

Equivocation

Question 13

An argument that presents two possibilities and assumes that these are only possibilities

Answer 13

False Dilema

Question 14

When an arguments value is based solely on its origin

Answer 14

Genetic Fallacy

Question 15

Discrediting an argument because the idea is shared by a socially demonized person or group

Answer 15

Guilt by Association

Question 16

Making a generalization from a sample group that is either too small or too special to be representative of a population

Answer 16

Hasty Generalization

Question 17

An argument that appeals to an authority who is not expert on the subject at hand

Answer 17

Irrelevant Authority

Question 18

A general claim is made about a group of category of things; when evidence challenges the claim, the criteria for membership is redefined`

Answer 18

No True Scotsman

Question 19

Attempts to discredit an idea by arguing that, if it’s accepted, it will lead to sequence of events that is undesirable

Answer 19

Slippery Slope

Question 20

Intentionally caricaturing a persons argument in order to attack the caricature not the real argument

Answer 20

Straw Man

Question 21

Assumes a cause for an event when there is no evidence that there is a cause

1. After this, therefore because of this
2. With this, therefore because of this example

Answer 21

Not a Cause for a Cause

Question 22

Cueing the reader

Answer 22

• Use tag lines to alert reader of possible fiction

- Use subtle cues by describing aspects, and not the whole thing

Question 23

Developing character

Answer 23

• Giving details about characters to help the reader learn more about he character
• Sight, Sound, Smell
• vivid detail

Question 24

Dialogue

Answer 24

• Avoid adverbs
• Moves action forward
• Don’t information dump
• Contain tone
• Cue the reader on the degree of uncertainty of the dialogue

Question 25

Image and Metaphor

Answer 25

Any literary element creating a sense impression in the mind

Question 26

Creating trust/The pact with the reader

Answer 26

- The reader must pay attention to the author - the reader needs to know that they won't be deceived - the reader must know that they are in good hands

Question 27

Therapists Couch

Answer 27

- The writer is weighed down by the author's self pity | - The emotion does not let the literacy design emerge

Question 28

Revenge prose

Answer 28

- the writer tends to get back at someone | - the character tends to seem one dimensional

Question 29

Perspective

Answer 29

-defines the differences between a journal entry, personal, or an essay, public

Question 30

Emotion

Answer 30

- don't force a story | - writers should show generosity to all characters

Question 31

Point of view

Answer 31

The vantage point from which the story is told

Question 32

First person

Answer 32

I

Question 33

Second Person

Answer 33

You

Question 34

Third person

Answer 34

He or she

Question 35

Scene

Answer 35

- The building block of creative nonfiction | - uses details and sensory information to recreate experiences

Question 36

Exposition

Answer 36

Exposes the authors thoughts, or experiences

Question 37

Why is scene better than exposition?

Answer 37

It gives more detail and doesn't bore the reader

Question 38

Representative scene

Answer 38

When the author doesn't pretend that a certain thing has happened, but instead represents the scene by using a typical scene

Question 39

What don't you want for specifics and detail?

Answer 39

- cliche:an expression or concept that that is overused | - dead metaphors:a metaphor so overused it loses meaning of comparisons

Question 40

Eye

Answer 40

What you are seeing

Question 41

I

Answer 41

How you are seeing it and interpreting it

Question 42

Ethos

Answer 42

Ethical; making the author/speaker seem reliable, credible, or relatable

Question 43

Pathos

Answer 43

Pathetic; appeals to emotion (positive or negative) | -Effective, but also manipulative

Question 44

Logos

Answer 44

Logic; persuasion by reasoning or logic. Refers to the organization of the essay

Question 45

Logical Fallacies

Answer 45

Common errors in reasonings logic

Question 46

Claim

Answer 46

The idea that the author is trying to prove (thesis)

Question 47

Data

Answer 47

The examples and explanations offered as proof of that argument (quotes)

Question 48

Warrant

Answer 48

The connection between the claim and the data (analysis)

Question 49

Graff Template order

Answer 49

1. Title 2. Claim 3. data 4. data 5. warrant 6. claim 1. claim 2. data 3. data 4. warrant 5. 6. claim