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ACT Prep > English - Concepts to Know w/Examples > Flashcards

English - Concepts to Know w/Examples Flashcards

1
Q

What is a grouping of words with at least one subject and a verb?

A

clause

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2
Q

What type of clause communicates a complete thought?

A

Independent clause

Example: The boy ran

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3
Q

What type of clause does NOT communicate a complete thought?

A

Dependent Clause

Example: When John studied

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4
Q

What punctuation separates words/groups of words into a list?

A

Comma

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5
Q

What noun type gives bonus information about the noun before it?

A

Appositive

Example: Austin, a student at Harvard, was an accomplished artist.

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6
Q

What adverb connects two thoughts together?

A

Conjunctive Adverb

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7
Q

You can use a comma when two of what are interchangeable?

A

adjectives

Example: It was a large, gleaming castle

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8
Q

You can use a comma after you start a sentence with what type of clause?

A

dependent

Example: When Ron ran on the trail, it was serene

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9
Q

What punctuation can you use to block off an unnecessary part of a sentence?

A

comma

Example: John, having lived here for years, walked casually.

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10
Q

What punctuation can be used to show possession?

A

apostrophe

Example: Caiden’s dog

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11
Q

What punctuation lets you make a contraction?

A

Apostrophe

Example: there is = there’s

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12
Q

What punctuation do you use when you put a quote, list, or apposititive after an independent clause(complete thought)?

A

Colon

Example: The verdict was crystal clear: he was guilty

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13
Q

What punctuation connects two complete thoughts, both equally emphasized?

A

Semi-Colon

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14
Q

What punctuation connects 2 independent clauses, the second starting with a transition or conjunctive adverb?

A

Semi-Colon

Example: The woods were dark; however, I continued to journey on

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15
Q

What punctuation highlights the information inside it?

Hint: MORE emphasis than parantheses

A

Dashes

Example: The blue whale -though 200 tons-swam quickly to the krill

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16
Q

What punctuation do you use at the end of a statement?

A

Period

Example: This is a pen.

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17
Q

What punctuation do you use after a question?

A

Question Mark

Example: Is this yours?

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18
Q

What noun type can be used in place of another noun?

A

Pronoun

Example: “him” instead of “Isaac Newton”

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19
Q

What in a sentence is the doer of a verb?

A

Subject

Example: Jackson kicked the football
Jackson is the subject

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20
Q

What in a sentence has a verb done to them?

A

Object

Example: Jackson kicked the football

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21
Q

What pronoun type is used when they are doing the verb?

A

Subject Pronoun

22
Q

What pronoun type is used when the verb is done to them?

A

Object Pronoun

23
Q

Which pronoun is used for people: That or Who?

A

Who

Example: The conductor is the person who leads the music

23
Q

Which pronoun is used for *things: * That or Who?

A

That

Example: The capybara is the animal that is known for being diseased

24
Q

What is it called when all your pronouns are from the same perspective?

A

Pronoun Agreement

Ex: If someone wants to be a runner, he has to train

25
Q

What is it called when it’s not obvious what the pronoun is referencing?

A

Ambiguous Reference

Ex: Jake told Shawn he was a good runner.
Who’s he?

26
Q

How many verb tenses do you need to know?

A

6

27
Q

Conjugate “to jump” in simple present form

A

I jump

28
Q

Conjugate “to jump” in present perfect form

A

I have jumped

29
Q

Conjugate “to jump” in simple past form

A

I jumped

30
Q

Conjugate “to jump” in past perfect form

A

I had jumped

31
Q

Conjugate “to jump” in future form

A

I will jump

32
Q

Conjugate “to jump” in future perfect form

A

I will have jumped

33
Q

Should verb tenses be the same or different in a sentence?

A

Same

Ex: I encouraged(past) the people that ran(past) by

34
Q

What is it called when you your subject and verb match?

As in if one is singular, the other is singular, etc.

A

Subject-Verb Agreement

35
Q

How do you compare two things?

A

This is more/less (adj)/(adj)-er than That

Ex: I am faster than him
John is less clumsy than Parker

36
Q

How do you compare 3+ things?

A

This is the most/least (adj)/(adj)-est of (stuff)

Ex: The blue whale is the largest oa all animals

37
Q

It’s is a contraction for:

A

It is OR It has

Ex: It’s going to be amazing

38
Q

It’s is a contraction for:

A

It is OR It has

Ex: It’s going to be amazing

39
Q

Its is used to show what?

A

Possession

Ex: We found its cave

40
Q

Its is used to show what?

A

Possession

Ex: We found its cave

41
Q

Which is correct: should’ve or should of?

A

Should’ve

NEVER choose should of, might of, could of, etc.

42
Q

Which is correct: should’ve or should of?

A

Should’ve

NEVER choose should of, might of, could of, etc.

43
Q

What expressions have a different meaning than the literal?

A

Idioms

44
Q

What sentence has multiple ideas but NO punctuation separating them?

A

Run-On Sentences

45
Q

What sentence is not a complete thought?

Hint: not dependent clause

A

Sentence fragment

46
Q

How do you fix a sentence fragment?

A

Add a complete thought

Ex: X When I swam X
O When I swam, I felt alive O

47
Q

How do you fix a run-on sentence?

A
  1. Comma + conjunction
  2. Joining word(and, etc.)
  3. semi-colon
48
Q

What is it called when your list is consistently formatted?

A

Parallel Construction

Ex: X I came, I saw, I’m conquering X, O I came, I saw, I conquered O

49
Q

What serves to describe something?

Hint: Not an adjective

A

Modifier

50
Q

What is a dangling modifier?

A
  1. Modifier starts the sentence
  2. Comma after
  3. Noun described is not after

Ex: Defeated, the sandstorm engulfed us
The people were defeated

51
Q

What is a misplaced modifier?

A

The modifier is too far from its noun

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