English terminology Arnold

Question 1

Sentence moods (4):

Answer 1

1. Declarative- a statement
2. Exclamative- an exclamation
3. Interrogative- a question
4. Imperative- an order

Question 2

Mode is:

Answer 2

A method of transmitting and receiving information

Question 3

Mode types (4):

Answer 3

1. Spoken
2. Written
3. CMC
4. Blended

Question 4

An interruption when discussing spoken conversation.

(Can signify enthusiasm, support or negativity)

Answer 4

Overlap

Question 5

Minimal vocal responce

Answer 5

Back-channel

Question 6

Vague expressions “like”, “a bit”- to soften opinion or criticism

Answer 6

Hedge

Question 7

Non-verbal communication (features used alongside language like: facial expressions, gestures etc)

Answer 7

Paralinguistic feature

Question 8

Non-verbal sounds that contribute to language meaning

Pitch, volume, emphasis, inflections (rising/ falling)

Answer 8

Prosodic feature

Question 9

Pauses, gestures, emphasis, intake of breath

Answer 9

Emphatic stress

Question 10

Pauses, gestures, emphasis, intake of breath

Answer 10

Pragmatics

Question 11

Goffman’s Face theory is:

Answer 11

1. We all present a face in each conversation we have
2. Like being a customer or a listening friend
3. Reinforcement of other’s roles- lacework

Question 12

Face is:

Answer 12

A character/ role

Question 13

Brown and Levinson: Development of the Face theory

Answer 13

1. Positive face needs- to be liked
2. Negative face needs- to be independent
3. They are always in tension

Question 14

Face- threatening acts are:

Answer 14

1. Directly challenging their (positive or negative) face needs
2. Can be very subtle and only noticed by a person they affect
3. Face-saving act= speaker says something to lessen a possible threat or to maintain good face/ image

Question 15

Evaluative adjective is:

Answer 15

Offer a judgement on
the noun being described.

o The student’s work was awful.

Question 15

Comparative adjective is:

Answer 15

Usually end in –er or have more in front of them and make comparisons.

You are more stupid than him.
Nadine is prettier than you.

Question 15

Superlative adjectives

Answer 15

Express the highest degree of a quality, and usually end in
–est or have most in front of them.

o You are the most stupid person I have ever met.
o Mr Shovlin is the smartest man alive.

Question 15

Attributive adjective is

Answer 15

Come before the noun they modify.

o Do you have any available rooms?

Question 15

Predicative adjective is:

Answer 15

Come after the noun (with a verb in between).

o Do you know if this room is available?

Question 15

Post-positive adjective is:

Answer 15

Come immediately after the noun.

o Is this room available?

Question 16

Adverb is

Answer 16

Gives us extra information about verbs and adjectives. A word ending in –ly is often an adverb

he ran quickly
he was especially ugly.

Question 16

Adverb of manner is

Answer 16

Describe the way in which something is done.

o The man kissed me passionately

Question 17

Adverb of time is

Answer 17

Tell us the time that something happens, or its frequency.

o I’ll see you tomorrow.
o I go to the gym regularly.

Question 18

Particularising adverbs are:
(Adverbs of degree)

Answer 18

Focus attention on what follows them.

o I am particularly annoyed but my day was mostly okay.

Question 19

Face-saving Act is:

Answer 19

Speaker says something to lessen a possible threat or to maintain good face/ image

Question 20

Intensifier

Answer 20

Intensify a meaning of a word I am so angry

Question 21

Exclusive adverbs are:

Answer 21

Focus attention on what follows them, to the exclusion of all other possibilities. o You are only interested in yourself; it is just a question of when everyone finds out.

Question 22

Adverb of place is:

Answer 22

Where something happens I left my keys somewhere. Get here right now, you rat.

Question 23

Conjunction is:

Answer 23

Connect together words or clauses

Question 24

Discourse structure

Answer 24

the way a text is structured, according to the typical features of the text’s genre

Question 25

Determiner

Answer 25

words determining the number or status of the noun

Question 26

Proper noun

Answer 26

A specific thing (capital letter) Mrs Arnold, KES, November

Question 27

Common Abstract noun

Answer 27

Concepts Can be count(love) and non-count(can't have a /an in front of them)

Question 28

Concrete Count Noun

Answer 28

Something you can count

Question 29

Collective Concrete Noun

Answer 29

group of things

Question 30

Aggregate Concrete noun

Answer 30

Only exists in a plural form

Question 31

Non-count Concrete Noun

Answer 31

Can't have a number before it or a/an Sand, milk, tea

Question 32

A noun phrase

Answer 32

a noun, modified by 1 or more words, usually an adjective A very red apple

Question 33

Phrase

Answer 33

A group of words that is acting as 1 word An apple

Question 34

Clause

Answer 34

a chunk of a sentence

Question 35

Posessive determiners

Answer 35

My Yours His Its Our Their

Question 36

Definite article

Answer 36

The

Question 37

Indefinite article

Answer 37

A/an

Question 38

Possessive Pronouns

Answer 38

Mine Yours His/Hers Ours Yours Theirs

Question 39

Demonstrative determiners

Answer 39

This These Those That

Question 40

Relative pronouns

Answer 40

Follow directly the noun they describe That Which Who Whom Whose

Question 41

"Of" Indefinite pronouns

Answer 41

All of, some of etc Always followed by an object pronoun

Question 42

Compound Indefinite pronouns

Answer 42

Every- Some- No- -Thing -One -Body

Question 43

Indefinite determiners

Answer 43

All Some Any No Every Both Many Several

Question 44

Demonstrative pronouns

Answer 44

This That These Those NOT FOLLOWED BY A NOUN

Question 45

Cardinal determiners

Answer 45

One Two Twelve Can be counted

Question 46

Ordinal determiners

Answer 46

Show an oder First Second

Question 47

Reflexive pronouns

Answer 47

Used when the same person is the subject and object of the sentence Myself Herself Ourselves

Question 48

Demonstrative pronouns

Answer 48

This/these- close That/those- far away

Question 49

Interrogative pronouns

Answer 49

What Which Who(subject) Whom(object) Whose

Question 50

Subject

Answer 50

Does an action(verb)

Question 51

Object

Answer 51

receives the action(verb)

Question 52

Subject vs object pronouns

Answer 52

Subject: I He She It They We Object: Me Him Her It Them Us