Enhancement Review Questions

Question 1

A neurotransmitter primarily involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 1

ACh

Question 2

What is the functional role of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 2

Fight or Flight

Question 3

The enteric nervous system is known as:

Answer 3

The brain of the gut

Question 4

What is the primary neurotransmitter in cholinergic neurotransmission?

Answer 4

ACh

Question 5

Nicotinic receptors are classified into which receptor families?

Answer 5

Type I

Question 6

Which of the following is an effect of muscarinic receptor activation? Increased heart rate; Decreased glandular secretion; Bronchoconstriction; Mydriasis

Answer 6

Bronchoconstriction

Question 7

Muscarinic receptor subtype responsible for decreased heart rate?

Answer 7

M2

Question 8

The primary enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine is:

Answer 8

Acetylcholinesterase (AchE)

Question 9

What is the major neurotransmitter involved in adrenergic neurotransmission?

Answer 9

NE

Question 10

An adrenergic receptor subtype primarily responsible for vasoconstriction?

Answer 10

Alpha-1

Question 11

Activation of B-1 receptors leads to which of the following:

• Decreased heart rate
• Increased heart rate and force of contraction
• Bronchoconstriction
• Vasoconstriction

Answer 11

Increased heart rate and force of contraction

Question 12

An adrenergic receptor primarily responsible for bronchodilation?

Answer 12

Beta-2 (β2) adrenergic receptor

Question 13

Inhibition of norepinephrine release is mediated by:

Answer 13

Alpha-2

Question 14

Stimulation of B-3 receptors primarily results in which of the following:

• Lipolysis
• Increased glycogenolysis
• Vasoconstriction
• Increased insulin release

Answer 14

Lipolysis

Question 15

Which of the following occurs during sympathetic activation?

• Increased salivation
• Miosis (pupil constriction)
• Decreased heart rate
• Urinary retention

Answer 15

Urinary retention

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the parasympathetic nervous system?

• It is essential for life and operates in a discrete manner
• It causes systemic vasoconstriction
• It functions as a complete system discharge
• It inhibits gastrointestinal (Gl) activity

Answer 16

It is essential for life and operates in a discrete manner

Question 17

Which receptor is primarily responsible for pupil dilation (mydriasis)?

• alpha-1
• alpha-2
• beta-1
• muscarinic-3

Answer 17

alpha-1

Question 18

What effect does B2 receptor activation have on the uterus?

Answer 18

Relaxation

Question 19

What happens to blood pressure when a1 receptors are activated?

Answer 19

It increases

Question 20

Which of the following is a primary function of a2 receptors?

• Increase insulin release
• Increase norepinephrine release
• Inhibit norepinephrine release
• Stimulate the heart rate

Answer 20

Inhibit norepinephrine release

Question 21

An autonomic receptor responsible for ocular decongestion?

Answer 21

A1

Question 22

Which type of drug would be used to treat glaucoma by increasing aqueous humor outflow?

• alpha-1 agonist
• beta-1 antagonist
• Cholinergic agonist (M3)
• alpha-2 antagonist

Answer 22

Cholinergic agonist (M3)

Question 23

Beta-blockers (e.g., timolol) reduce intraocular pressure by:

Answer 23

Decreasing aqueous humor production

Question 24

Which autonomic receptor activation leads to relaxation of the ciliary muscle, causing accommodation for far vision?

Answer 24

B2