Enlightment Ideals

Question 1

Louis XIV

Answer 1

Louis XIV, known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

Question 2

Peter the Great

Answer 2

Peter Alexeyevich ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May 1682 until his death

Question 3

William the Great Elector

Answer 3

Frederick William was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia – and thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia – from 1640 until his death

Question 4

Czar

Answer 4

an emperor of Russia before 1917

Question 5

Absolutism

Answer 5

the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

Question 6

Boyar

Answer 6

a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince.

Question 7

Ivan IV

Answer 7

Ivan IV Vasilyevich, commonly known as Ivan the Terrible or Ivan the Fearsome, was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547, then “Tsar of All the Russias” until his death in 1584. The last title was used by all his successors.

Question 8

Divine Right

Answer 8

The divine right of kings, divine right, or God’s mandate is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of God.

Question 9

Henry IV

Answer 9

Henry of Bolingbroke /ˈbɒlɪŋbrʊk/, born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, was King Henry IV of England and Lord of Ireland from 1399 to 1413, and asserted the claim of his grandfather, Edward III, to the Kingdom of France.

Question 10

War of Spanish Secession

Answer 10

The War of the Spanish Succession was a major European conflict of the early 18th century, triggered by the death in 1700 of the last Habsburg King of Spain, the infirm and childless Charles II.

Question 11

Thirty Years War

Answer 11

The Thirty Years’ War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, as well as the deadliest European religious war, resulting in eight million casualties.

Question 12

Catherine the Great

Answer 12

Catherine II of Russia, also known as Catherine the Great, was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, reigning from 1762 until her death in 1796 at the age of 67.

Question 13

Window to the west

Answer 13

It was, in Peter the Great’s terms, enlightened, his big and bright window on the western world. Until the founding of St Petersburg, Russia had seemed, at least to western Europe, a rather frightening Byzantine labyrinth.

Question 14

Maria Theresa

Answer 14

Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg.

Question 15

Pragmatic sanction

Answer 15

an imperial or royal ordinance or decree that has the force of law.

Question 16

Hapsburgs

Answer 16

The House of Habsburg, or House of Austria, was one of the most influential royal houses of Europe. The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs between 1438 and 1740.

Question 17

Austria seven years war

Answer 17

The Seven Years’ War was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict …. (on the Indian subcontinent, 1757–1763), and Third Silesian War (with Prussia and Austria, 1756

Question 18

Frederick the great

Answer 18

Frederick II was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king. His most significant accomplishments during his reign included his military victories, his reorganization