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Year 5 notes > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

When to give abx for acute OM

A
  • symptoms >4 days or not improving
  • systemically unwell
  • immunocompromised/high risk of infection due to heart/kidney/liver/ neuromuscular disease
  • <2 years and bilateral OM
  • perforation/discharge in canal
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2
Q

antibiotic to give in acute OM

A

5 days amoxicillin

erythromycin/clarithromycin if allergic

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3
Q

when to consider antibiotic prophylaxis in acute OM

A

if 3+ infections in 6 months/4 in a year

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4
Q

what type of antibiotic to NOT use if tympanic membrane perforated

A

aminoglycosides (gentamicin)

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5
Q

cause of most mild to moderate hearing loss in children

A

conductive - secondary to otitis media

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6
Q

congenital infection which can cause sensorineural deafness

A

rubella

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7
Q

drugs which can cause sensorineural deafness in children

A

ahminoglycosides (gentamicin)

furosemide

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8
Q

maximum hearing loss in conductive hearing loss (might be more in sensorineural)

A

max 60 dB

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9
Q

audiometry results in presbycusis

A

bilateral high frequency hearing loss

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10
Q

inheritance pattern of otosclerosis

A

autosomal dominant - replacement of normal bone by vascular spongy bone

onset 20-40 years

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11
Q

features of otosclerosis

A
  • conductive deafness
  • tinnitus
  • positive family history
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12
Q

management of otosclerosis

A
  • hearing aids
  • ?sodium fluoride/bisphosphonates
  • surgery
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13
Q

features of Meniere’s disease

A

recurrent vertigo, tinnitus and sensorineural hearing loss

sensation of aural fullness/pressure

may have nystagmus/positive Romberg test

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14
Q

treatment of Meniere’s disease

A

prochlorperazine
antihistamines
CBT/relaxation therapy

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15
Q

ototoxic drugs

A

aminoglycosides
furosemide
aspirin
some cytotoxics

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16
Q

causes of vestibular neuritis

A
  • usually - reactivation of latent HSV1
  • autoimmune
  • microvascular ischaemia
  • following URTI
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17
Q

causes of labyrinthitis

A

mostly viral (following URTI in 50%)

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18
Q

which has hearing loss out of labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis

A

labyrinthitis (vestibular Neuritis = No hearing loss)

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19
Q

drugs given for vertigo, N+V

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A

prochlorperazine/ antihistamines

20
Q

what increases the risk of cholesteatoma

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A

cleft palate (100x)

non-cancerous growth of squamous epithelium

21
Q

symptoms of cholesteatoma if local invasion

Study These Flashcards
A
  • vertigo
  • facial nerve palsy
  • cerebellopontine angle syndorme
22
Q

sign of cholesteatoma on otoscopy

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A

‘attic crust’ seen in uppermost part of ear drum

23
Q

what counts for 90% of cerebellopontine angle tumours

Study These Flashcards
A

acoustic neuroma / vestibular schwannoma

24
Q

genetic condition associated with acoustic neuromas

Study These Flashcards
A

neurofibromatosis type 2

25
investigation for acoustic neuroma
MRI cerebellopontine angle
26
presentation of acoustic neuroma
- vertigo, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, unilateral tinnitus (CNVIII) - absent corneal reflex (CNV) - facial palsy (CNVII)
27
cause of anterior epistaxis
insult in Kiesselbach's plexus
28
presentation of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
- autosomal dominant - recurrent spontaneous nosebleeds - AVM
29
tumour which can cause epistaxis
juvenile angiofibroma (benign tumour in adolescent males)
30
when are intranasal steroids recommended for acute sinusitis
if >10 days
31
when to refer sinusitis to ENT
3+ infections a year
32
how long is chronic sinusitis
>12 weeks - check for polyps
33
what to check if nasal polyps in children
check for CF
34
usual pathogen causing tonsillitis
group A beta-haemolytic strep (strep pyogenes)
35
young child with tonsillitis complaining of abdo pain?
mesenteric adenines
36
when to give antibiotics in tonsillitis
- 3+ centor criteria - unilateral peritonsilitis - marked systemic upset - increased risk e.g. immunodeficiency, rheumatic fever, >65 and significant medical history - feverPAIN score 4/5
37
antibiotic to use in tonsillitis
phenoxymethylpenicillin if penicillin allergic 5 days clarithromycin erythromycin if pregnant and allergic
38
when to refer tonsillitis to ENT
- >7 a year for 1 year - 5 per year for 2 years - 3 per year for 3 years
39
renal complication of tonsillitis
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
40
causes of laryngitis
- viruses - trauma - allergy - GORD
41
when to refer laryngitis for laryngoscopy
if hoarse voice/voice change >3 weeks
42
type of most oral cavity/pharynx cancers
squamous cell (SCC)
43
risk factors for mouth cancer
- smoking - HPV - sunlight (lip melanoma)
44
when to urgently refer for oral cancer
- unexplained ulceration in oral cavity >3 weeks | - persistent unexplained lump in neck
45
1st line medication for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine

Year 5 notes (10 decks)

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