ENT Flashcards
(30 cards)
organism croup
parainfluezna
age and onset croup
6 month - 3 years // more common in autumn
symptoms croup
stridor, barking cough, fever, cold symptoms
symptoms moderate croup
barking cough // audible stridor at rest // sternal retraction at rest // no distress // playing and interested in surroundings
symptoms severe croup
barking cough // insp stridor // severe sternal wall // significant distress, agitation, lethargy // tachycardia
admission of croup
severe // <6 // upper airway abnormalities // uncertainty
invx croup
clinical // X-ray (subglottic narrowing steeple sign)
mx croup
single dose oral dexamethasone // O2 and neb adrenaline if severe
infection epiglottitis
H influ B
symptoms epiglottitis
rapid onset // high temp + systemic upset // drooling // tripod position (leaning forward)
invx croup
direct visualisation by senior doctor (DO NOT examine if not necessary) // X ray thumb sign
mx epiglottitis
senior anaesthetics or ENT (may need endotracheal intubation) // o2 // IV abx
symptoms inhaled foreign body
cough, choking, vomit, stridor
symptoms laryngomalacia
congenital abnormality of larynx –> stridor at 4 weeks
features thyroglossal cyst
anterior triangle (midline below hyoid) –> anechoic on USS
features brancial cyst
anterior to SCM, near mandible –< anechoic on USS
features dermoid cyst
midline suprahyoid –> heterogenous on USS (calcium + fat)
features cystic hydroma
lymphatic occlusion, painless + fluid filled, age before 2 –> hyperoechic on USS
features cystic hydroma
lymphatic occlusion, painless + fluid filled, age before 2 –> hyperoechic on USS
features infantile haemangioma
triangle of neck // grow rapidly and regress // xray = calcified mass
varients cleft lip
combined lip + palate –> isolated palate –> isolated lip
RF cleft palate
AEDs
assoc cleft palate
feeding, speech, otitis media
mx cleft palate
lip = first 3 months // palate = 6-12 months
