ENT Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is another term for Otitis Media with Effusion?
Glue ear
What is the characteristic discharge associated with cholesteatoma?
Foul-smelling non-resolving discharge
At what age is presbycusis typically seen and what is it?
65 years (age-related hearing loss) of higher pitched noises
Q: What maneuver is used to diagnose BPPV?
Dix-Hallpike maneuver
What symptom is characteristic of Meniere’s disease?
Unilateral hearing loss
Which cranial nerves are commonly affected in vestibular schwannoma?
5, 7, 8 (trigeminal, facial, vestibulocochlear)
What bacteria is commonly associated with otitis externa in diabetics?
Pseudomonas
What bacteria is commonly associated with otitis media?
Haemophilus influenzae
What differentiates vestibular neuronitis from labyrinthitis?
Hearing loss in labyrinthitis, but not in vestibular neuronitis
What are the Centor criteria used to diagnose bacterial tonsillitis?
Fever, tonsillar exudate, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, absence of cough
What is the recommended treatment for peritonsillar abscess? (Quinsy)
Urgent ENT review for needle aspiration or incision and drainage + antibiotics IV
What imaging modality is used to diagnose vestibular schwannoma?
MRI cerebellopontine angle (acoustic neuroma)
What is the primary treatment for epistaxis according to the first approach?
Sit forward, mouth open, pinch nose for 10-15 minutes
What is the treatment for malignant otitis externa?
Ciprofloxacin ear drops and tablets
What is the recommended action if sinusitis symptoms persist after 10 days of high-dose steroid nasal spray?
Suggest nasal decongestants
How long do the episodes of vertigo typically last in BPPV?
Seconds / minutes
What is the recommended treatment for otitis externa with a swollen red ear canal?
Gentamicin with hydrocortisone ear drops
What are the indications for prescribing antibiotics in otitis media?
Systemically unwell, high risk of complications, symptoms >4 days and not improving, <2 years and bilateral, perforation and/or canal discharge
How long is penicillin V typically prescribed for the treatment of tonsillitis?
10 days
What is the second-line treatment option for epistaxis if the bleeding source is visible?
Cautery with silver nitrate or packing
Otitis externa management
Neomycin with dexamethasone (Otomize) ear spray
3 main structures in the ear
Semicircular canals, Vestibule, Cochlea
What direction nystagmus would you expect to elicit in your examination (vestibular neuronitis)?
Horizontal
Pathophysiology of Meniere’s disease
Excessive buildup of endolymph in the labyrinth of the inner ear; Increasing the pressure and disrupting the sensory signals
