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ENT Flashcards

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1
Q

Drainage of sinuses in meatus

A

Supreme - sphenoid
Superior - posterior ethmoid
Middle - Maxillary, frontal, anterior & middle ethmoid
Inferior (largest) - Nasolacrimal duct

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2
Q

Sphenoethmoidal

A

Recess - Supreme meatus
Air cell - onodi cell

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3
Q

Pus in posterior pharyngeal wall

A

Sphenoid sinusitis
Postnasal drip

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4
Q

Allergic fungal rhino sinusitis

A

Peanut butter
Heterogenous opacity

Bent & Kuhn criteria
Fungal smear - major
Fungal culture - minor

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5
Q

Doubles

A

Double density - AFRS
Double ring
- HRCT - Cochlear otosclerosis
- tissue paper - CSF rhinorrhea

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6
Q

Button battery in EAC

A

Facial nerve palsy

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7
Q

Named Air cells

A

Agger nasi - most anterior
Onodi Most posterior
Bulla ethmoidalis - largest
Haller - Floor of anterior ethmoid
Concha bullosa - pneumatization of middle turbinate

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8
Q

Hypertrophic rhinitis

A

Inferior turbinate
Mulberry mucosa

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9
Q

Mulberry

A

Polyp - Rhinosporodiosis
Mucosa - hypertrophic rhinitis

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10
Q

Foul smelling crust

A

Merciful anosmia - Atrophic rhinitis
Woody nose - Rhinoscleroma

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11
Q

Wood

A

Woody nose - Rhinoscleroma
Wood industry - Adeno cell ca of ethmoid
Woody swelling in DM - Ludwig abscess
Woodman procedure - removing aretynoid in cordectomy
Woodruff plexus - venous plexus in posterior lateral wall

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12
Q

Red polyp from

A

Septum - capillary hemangioma
Inferior turbinate - cavernous hemangioma

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13
Q

Malignancy from septum

A

Red - capillary hemangioma
White - papilloma
Dark brown - malignant melanoma

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14
Q

Malignancy from lateral wall

A

Posterior wall of maxillary sinus -
Damaged - Squamous cell ca
Intact - inverted papilloma

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15
Q

Ohngren’s line

A

Root of nose to angle of mandible
Below - good prognosis
Above - poor prognosis

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16
Q

Guerin sign

A

Palatal ecchymosis in le fort I fracture

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17
Q

Olfactory test

A

CC SIT - 12 stimuli
UP SIT - 10 stimuli
Smell diskette

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18
Q

Quienke disease

A

Edema over soft palate

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19
Q

Abscess lower limit extend upto

A

Parapharyngeal - hyoid bone - I/D Ant. SCM
Retropharyngeal - bifurcation of trachea - I/D post SCM

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20
Q

Swelling in posterior pharyngeal wall

A

Localized - retro pharyngeal abscess
Diffuse - prevertebral abscess

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21
Q

Angiofibroma

A

Teenage boy
Sphenopalatine foramen
Hollman miller sign
Epistaxis
No biopsy
No debulking
Surgery in toto → embolize internal maxillary artery

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22
Q

Hollman miller sign

A

Posterior wall of maxillary sinus bending down in angiofibroma

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23
Q

Posterior wall of EAC bending down

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A

Sagging of canal
Mastoiditis

24
Q

Trotter’s triad

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A

Glue ear
V CN palsy
X CN palsy

25
Trotters method
Epistaxis T/t TELSPA - Trans Endoscopic Ligation of Sphenopalatine Artery
26
Gradenigo triad
Otorrhea V CN palsy VI CN palsy
27
Chalky white mass
Tympanic sclerosis Cholesteatoma - necrosis Keratosis obturans - B/L - centripetal squamous growth
28
Malignant otitis externa stages
I - Ear discharge + Granulation (Tc99 -ve) II - I + Tc99 +ve (necrosis) III - CN palsy (VII) IIIa - single CN IIIb - multiple CN IV - Intracranial complications Prognosis - gallium, ESR ↓ ESR after 2 weeks - good prognosis Psuedomonas - 3rd gen cephalosporins
29
Tullios phenomenon
Sound induced Vertigo Seen in Sensory deafness Fistula Superior SSC Dehiscence
30
Tympanic membrane colour
Blue - Serous otitis media Red - cart wheel appearance - ASOM
31
Tympanoplasty
Type I - Myringotomy Type II - Myringoincudopexy Type III - Collumellar effect Type IV - Minor cavem Type V - Round window shielding
32
Schwartz
Sign - flamingo pink sign - reddish cochlear promontory - otosclerosis - C/I for surgery Procedure - cortical mastoidectomy - canal wall up procedure
33
Mastoidectomy
Modified radical - preserve normal - CSOM Radical - remove normal - block ET - Malignancy
34
Brown sign
Blanching of glomus tumor on exerting pressure
35
Aquino sign
Blanching of glomus tumor on occluding neck vessels
36
Artery embolization in ENT
Ear - Ascending pharyngeal artery - Glomus tumor Nose - TELSPA - Epistaxis Throat - Internal maxillary artery - Angiofibroma
37
IOC for conductive deafness
Impedance audiometry - Tympanogram + Stapedial reflex
38
Higher centre for stapedial reflex
Superior olivary complex
39
Noise induced hearing loss
Dip in PTA at 4000 Hz Maximum db WHO - 85 dB Indian factory act - 90 dB City - 45 dB
40
Recruitment phenomenon
Oversensitivity >70% Sensory deafness SISI
41
Roll over phenomenon
Fatiguability Neural deafness Decay test
42
Paracusis willsi
Comfortable in noisy surrounding Conductive deafness
43
Auditory pathway
Eighth nerve Cochlear nucleus Trapezoid body Superior olivary nucleus Lateral lemniscus Inferior colliculus - BERA upto IC Medial geniculate body - CERA after IC - not done in children Auditory cortex
44
OAE -ve, next
ECOG - presence of cochlea Impedance audiometry - Middle ear pathology
45
Donaldson line
Line along HSCC, bisecting PSCC end in endolymphatic sac
46
ABLB SISI
Alternate Binaural Loudness Balance - U/L sensory deafness Short Increment Sensitivity Index - B/L sensory deafness
47
BERA
Largest wave - V Sensitive wave - I (reliable) Latency period ↑ - neural deafness ↓ - sensory deafness
48
Coclear and brainstem Implants
CI : electrode in scala tympani Stimulate 8th nerve BI : electrode in lateral recess of 4th ventricle Stimulate cochlear nucleus
49
Nystagmus
Superior - rotational Posterior - vertical Lateral - horizontal Slow component - same side - slow(hypo)active ear
50
Mc site for hypopharynx malignancy
Pyriform fossa
51
Nerve damaged in retrieval of FB from pyriform fossa
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
52
Vocal cord paralysis
Type I: Medialization - B/L SLN palsy - Aphonia, Aspiration Type II: Lateralization - B/L RLN palsy Type III: shortening, relaxation (lower pitch) - Puberphonia Type IV: lengthening, tension (raise pitch) - Androphonia
53
Gutsman test
Pressure over thyroid, pitch lowers, puberphonia
54
Croup
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis Children - 6 months to 3 years of age Para influenza virus Barking cough Biphasic stridor Narrowing of subglottic region - steeple sign Treatment: Supportive care Oxygen therapy Single dose Dexamethasone Nebulized epinephrine
55
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Lyme disease and syphilis 30dB in 3 frequencies over 3 days Treatment Steroids Carbogen (95% O2 and 5% CO2)

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