Oph

Question 1

Proptosis

Answer 1

> 21 mm
Adult - Hertel
Children - Luedde

McCoy - facial asymmetry

Manual
Nafzigger - head end
Worm - foot end

Question 2

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer 2

Outer plexiform layer > Nerve fiber layer
Dot blot hemorrhages > flame hemorrhages
Hard exudates > soft exudates

Question 3

Hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 3

Outer plexiform layer < Nerve fiber layer
Dot blot hemorrhages < flame hemorrhages
Hard exudates < soft exudates

Question 4

Direct gonioscopes

Answer 4

Koeppe
Richardson
Swon Jacob

Question 5

Indirect gonioscopes

Answer 5

Goldman
Ziess
Posner
Sussman

Question 6

Glaucoma

Answer 6

Ganglion cell loss
First change - isopter contraction
Visual field defects correspond with optic nerve head changes
Static perimetry - Humphrey’s
Roenne nasal step - unequal contraction

Question 7

Kinetic perimetry

Answer 7

Neurological disorders

Question 8

First change in optic neuritis

Answer 8

Central scotoma/ centrocaecal scotoma

Question 9

Marcus gunn pupil

Answer 9

Optic neuritis →
1. Retrobulbar neuritis - Multiple sclerosis
2. Papillitis - Vaccination
3. Neuroretinitis - cat scratch disease
MRI
IV steroids 1 g stat x 3 days f/b oral methyl prednisolone x 11 days

Question 10

Splinter hemorrhage most commonly seen in

Answer 10

Normal tension glaucoma

Question 11

Keratoconus

Answer 11

Fleischer ring - Fe in epithelium due to tear film stasis
Astigmatism
Munson sign
Curvatural myopia
Oil droplet reflex in DDO
Vogts stria - vertical stria in descemets
Scissoring reflex in retinoscopy

Question 12

Habb striae

Answer 12

Horizontal
Congenital glaucoma

Question 13

Buphthalmos

Answer 13

Watering
Photophobia
Blepharospasm
Big eyes
Axial myopia

Question 14

↑episcleral venous pressure

Answer 14

Sturge Weber syndrome
Carotid cavernous fistula
Thyroid eye disease

Question 15

MCC visual impairment in India

Answer 15

Untreated cataract
<50yrs - refractive error

Question 16

MCC blindness in India

Answer 16

Untreated cataract
<50 yrs - corneal opacity
Childhood - vitamin Deficiency
Preventable blindness - cataract
Irreversible blindness - glaucoma

Question 17

Reverse glaucoma

Answer 17

Reverse configuration of iris
Rubbing of zonules & iris after exercise, pigments released into anterior chamber
Pigments block trabecular mesh - pigmentary glaucoma
Pigments deposit on back of cornea - Krukenberg spindles
Transillumination defects in iris

Question 18

Inverse glaucoma

Answer 18

Aqueous misdirection into virteous

Question 19

Stickers line

Answer 19

Iron deposition in head of pterygium

Question 20

Adies pupil

Answer 20

Doesn’t react to light but accommodates

Question 21

Eye muscles movements

Answer 21

Superior are intorters
Inferior are extorters
Recti are adductors
Oblique are abductors

Question 22

Retinoblastoma

Answer 22

13q14 - RB gene
Mc secondary tumor - osteosarcoma of neck of femur
Classical route of spread - optic nerve

Question 23

Retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 23

Sporadic/ hereditary AD
Waxy disc pallor
AV attenuation
Bony spicule pigmentation

Question 24

Hutchinson triad

Answer 24

SNHL
notched teeth
Interstitial keratitis

Question 25

Vogts triad

Answer 25

Seen in acute congestive glaucoma Glaucoma flakens - Anterior sublenticular opacity Iris atrophy Sphincter damage - vertical dilated pupil

Question 26

Hutchinson sign

Answer 26

Vesicles on tip of the nose - predictor of corneal denervation in herpes zoster Pseudodendritic ulcer

Question 27

Headlight in fog appearance

Answer 27

Chorioretinitis in toxoplasmosis

Question 28

Mc site of coloboma

Answer 28

Iris - Inferionasal

Question 29

Kayser fleisher ring

Answer 29

Copper deposition in peripheral cornea Wilson's disease - AR Reduces with response to therapy

Question 30

Wiess ring

Answer 30

Posterior vitreous detachment C/o floaters

Question 31

Attachments of vitreous

Answer 31

Ora serrata - strongest Macula Optic disc Superficial retinal vessels Posterior lens capsule - weigert's ligament

Question 32

Only reversible cataract

Answer 32

Galactosemic cataract

Question 33

Snellens chart

Answer 33

Visual acuity Form sense

Question 34

ETDRS / LogMAR

Answer 34

Early treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study Scientific paper writing Amblyopia - crowding phenomenon - inability to read crowded letters

Question 35

Pielli robinson chart

Answer 35

Contrast sensitivity

Question 36

Mc ocular manifestation of covid

Answer 36

Follicular conjunctivitis

Question 37

Papillary conjunctivitis

Answer 37

Allergy 2 types 1. Giant papillary conjunctivitis - contact lens users 2. Vernal kerato conjunctivitis - spring catarrh - summer - teenage boys - cobble stone papillae - maxwell lyon sign - shield ulcer

Question 38

Maxwell lyon sign

Answer 38

Thick ropy discharge with eosinophils Build up of heat-enhanced fibrin on giant papillae. sign of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) Type 1 HSR + TYPE 4 HSR (1>4) T/t Olopatidine, sodium cromoglycate

Question 39

Pituitary macroadenoma

Answer 39

>1cm Bitemporal hemianopia Earliest - Bitemporal superior quadrantopia - compression of infero nasal fibres from below

Question 40

Anterior junction syndrome

Answer 40

Junctional scotoma I/L central scotoma + C/L superior temporal quadrantopia

Question 41

Phacoemulsification incision length

Answer 41

2.8 to 3.2 cm

Question 42

anterior capsule of lens stain

Answer 42

Trypan blue

Question 43

Drugs causing anterior uveitis

Answer 43

Prostaglandin analogue (other a/e - trichomegaly, iris hyperchromia, periorbital hyperpigmentation) Parasympathomimetics

Question 44

MOA of drugs in glaucoma

Answer 44

Mannitol - Desiccation of vitreous humour - reduces the bulk CA inhibitors and β blockers - ↓ aqueous production Prostaglandins - ↓ uveoscleral outflow

Question 45

Mc intraorbital tumor

Answer 45

Malignant Children - rhabdomyosarcoma Adults - NHL Benign Children - Dermoid cyst Adults - Cavernous hemangioma

Question 46

Mcc of proptosis

Answer 46

Adults - Thyroid eye disease Children - U/L - Orbital cellulitis B/L - Neuroblastoma

Question 47

Mc intraocular tumor

Answer 47

Children - retinoblastoma Adults - choroidal melanoma

Question 48

Mc lacrimal gland tumor

Answer 48

Overall & benign - Pleomorphic adenoma Malignant - Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Question 49

Trachoma

Answer 49

Bulbar follicles in 1-9 yrs, >10% prevalence - SAFE strategy Surgery for trichiasis > entropion Antibiotics Facial hygiene Environmental sanitation

Question 50

Orbital cellulitis

Answer 50

Poor oral hygiene → ethmoid sinusitis → lamina papyraceous → orbital cellulitis

Question 51

Acute angle closure

Answer 51

Pain Colored halos Redness ↑IOP Diffuse corneal haze Shallow anterior chamber Pupil block Mid dilated pupil

Question 52

Best disease

Answer 52

AD Egg yolk appearance - lipofuschin deposits in retinal pigment epithelium ↓Arden ratio

Question 53

Arden ratio

Answer 53

Ratio of light peak to dark trough in EOG >2 - normal 1.5 - 2 - borderline <1.5 - abnormal

Question 54

Posterior subcapsular cataract seen in

Answer 54

BSC Busulfan Blowers cataract - radiation Steroids Chloroquine

Question 55

Anterior subcapsular cataract

Answer 55

ASC Amiodarone Au Sunflower cataract Shield cataract Chlorpromazine