ENT Flashcards
(18 cards)
Impaired transmission along external ear canal. Often temporary. Causes: cerumen impation, otits externa, otitis media, otosclerosis
conductive
Hearing los caused by disruption in nerves. Many causes (neural degen, dec cilia, probs in ossicles)
sensorineuronal
MCC of sensorineural hearing loss. Occurs w age. M>F. exac by noise exposure
Presbycusis
*higher freq *problems with noise discrimination
Recurrent, progress attacks lasting min-hours of hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness/vertigo. Cause unknown.
Meniere’s
- tx with diuretics/salt restriction
- distention of endolymphatic compartments
F>M. Hearing loss may be assoc with tinnitus, vertigo, ataxia, brain stem dys. Dx on CT/MRI
Acoustic neuroma/ vestibular schwannoma
Drug causes of hearing loss
streptomycin kanamycin neomycin ethacrynic acid chloramphenicol *tinnitus first sx
Test testing lateralization
weber
test of AC and BC
rinne
hearing loss with
BC>AC
Lateralization of affected ear
conductive
hearing loss
lateralizes to good ear
AC>BC
sensorineuronal
Bullae on otitis media exam suggest what bacteria?
mycoplasmae
OM first line meds
amoxicillin, erythromycin/sulfonamide, augmentin, bactrim, cefaclor
OM tx in pt allergic to PCN
erythromycin/ clarithromycin
Causes of otitis externa
pseudomonas, enterobacteriaceae, proteus sp.
*fungi rare
Causes (bacterial) of otitis media AND sinusitis
strep pneumo, H flu, Moraxella catarrhalis, Strep pyogenes, Staph areus
Centor criteria
fever (100.4), anterior cervical adenopathy, lack of cough, pharyngotonsillar exudates
*3/4= highly suggestive strep 2/4 = culture needed 1/4 = strep unlikely
tx strep throat
PCN or erythromycin
prophy for contacts of pts with epiglottitis who aren’t immunized
rifampin
