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ICM II > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Are most vocal cord tumors benign or malignant?

A

benign

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2
Q

Is leukoplakia benign or malignant?

A

Normally benign but can have early signs of cancer of cancer may sprout adjacent to it

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3
Q

Are most ENT tumors glottic or supraglottic? Which has a better prognosis? Why?

A

Most are glottic

Glottic have better prognosis b/c there is limited lymphatic drainage

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4
Q

Patient presents with painless, soft mass in the location of the parotid gland. It is unilateral. What is the diagnosis? Benign or malignant?

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

Benign

(can occur in any salivary gland)

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5
Q

Patient presents with bilateral painless, soft masses of the parotid gland. What is the diagnosis? Benign or malignant?

A

Warthin’s Tumor (aka papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)

Benign

(Can be in any salivary gland)

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6
Q

What is the prognosis of an Adenoid cystic cylindroma? Why?

A

Poor prognosis (malignant)

Perivascular and perineural invasion

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7
Q

What is the appearance of erythroplakia? What is the prognosis?

A
  • Erythroplakia:
    • red spots in the oral cavity
  • Prognosis:
    • high incidence of squamous cell carcinoma
    • need to biopsy
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8
Q

Patient presents with unilateral sinusitis with some bleeding and a bad odor. What is the diagnosis?

A

Nasal/Sinus tumors

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9
Q

Nasal and sinus tumors can result from metastasis from which locations?

A

Breast

Lung

Kidney

Thyroid

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10
Q

Young child presents with an inspiratory stridor with a gradual onset,a barky cough, and horseness. What is the Ddx? What is the difference in risk, and how can they be differentiated?

A
  • Croup
    • Low risk of obstruction
    • Viral cause
    • Steeple sign on CXR
  • Acute Epiglottitis
    • Risk of airway obstruction
    • Bacterial
    • lateral soft tissue x-ray has thumb sign
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11
Q

Patient presents with acute swelling of face and tongue. They are diagnosed with angioneurotic edema. What is the most likely cause?

A

ACE inhibitors: Lisinopril, Ramipril

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12
Q

Where is erythema present in GERD?

A

posterior larynx

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13
Q

What does LeFort I fracture include?

A

Maxilla

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14
Q

What does LeFort II fracture involve?

A

Midface

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15
Q

What does LeFort III fracture include?

A

Midface and nose

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16
Q

What is the classic sign of orbital fractures/ blow-out?

A

Diplopia

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17
Q

What is the classic sign of mandibular fracture?

A

Malocclusion of teeth

Most common fractures: body > angle > condyle

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18
Q

What is the difference between Obstructive Sleep Apnea vs simple snoring?

A

Decreased O2 levels

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19
Q

Which has a higher risk of cancer: Cold or Hot thyroid nodules?

20
Q

What is the characteristic finding of papillary carcinoma? What is the prognosis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Finding:
    • Psammoma bodies (Ca accumulation)
  • Prognosis:
    • malignant, but best of malignant
21
Q

MEN (or MEA) syndrome is associated with which type of malignant thyroid cancer? What is the cause?

Study These Flashcards
A

Medullary carcinoma

Cause: familial (genetic)

22
Q

Which malignant thyroid cancer has the worst prognosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Anaplastic carcinoma

23
Q

What are the malignant thyroid cancers and what is the difference in their prognosis?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Papillary carcinoma (Best prognosis)
  2. Follicular carcinoma
  3. Medullary carcinoma
  4. Anaplastic carcinoma (worst)
24
Q

Patient presents with a soft, doughy mass anterior to the ear. What is the diagnosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

First branchial cleft cyst

25
Patient presents with a soft, doughy mass on the neck at the anterior border of the SCM. What is the diagnosis?
Second branchial cleft cyst
26
Patient presents with a soft, doughy mass in the midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid. What is the diagnosis?
Thyroglossal duct cyst
27
What signs should be present to diagnose acute otitis media (AOM)?
1. Recent onset 2. Middle ear effusion * bulging membrane * limited mobility of membrane 3. Middle ear inflammation * erythemia of tympanic membrane * otalgia
28
What is the initial treatment of AOM?
Observation (if low risk) Amoxicillin
29
What differentiates Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) from AOM?
1. Effusion does not have purulent characteristics of AOM 2. TM flat or retracted rather than bulging 3. Present for weeks or months following resolution of AOM (AOM is abrupt)
30
What type of middle ear infection can be caused by allergies or GERD?
Otitis Media with Effusion
31
What is the treatment plan for OME?
Generally just treat whatever is contributing to inflammation (decongestants, antihistamines, ect.)
32
What are the symptoms of Chronic Otitis Media (COM)?
1. Chronic otorrhea 2. Retracted TM 3. Cholesteatoma (skin growth onto TM) 4. Tube otorrhea
33
Where can infection from the adenoids spread?
Middle ear Sphenoid sinus Ethmoid sinus
34
What is the treatment for recurrent tonsillopharyngitis?
Adenotonsillectomy
35
What is the most common predisposing factor for pediatric sinusitis?
Viral URI
36
What is the treatment for viral URI lasting more than 7-10 days?
Treat for sinusitis
37
What is the second most common predisposing factor for peds sinusitis?
Allergic Rhinitis
38
What bug normally colonizes the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients?
Pseudomonas
39
Sinonasal polyps are most common in what disease?
Cystic fibrosis
40
What are the findings associated with Allergic Fungal Sinusitis? What is the infectious organism?
* Mucin in sinuses and nasal cavities * peanut-butter consistency * Abundant eosinophils * Cause: * Aspergillus
41
What are the signs and symptoms of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis?
1. Rhinorrhea * mucopurulent * bilateral 2. Cough 3. Nasal congestion 4. fever
42
What is indicated by CT scan findings of opacification of one sinus?
Acute Sinusitis
43
What is indicated by CT scan findings of mucosal thickening of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses with osteomeatal unit obstruction?
Chronic sinusitis
44
What is indicated by CT scan findings of complete opacification of all sinuses, expansion of sinus cavities, thinning of bone, and polyps on the mucosa?
Cystic Fibrosis
45
What are the signs and symptoms of Chronic Sinusitis?
* At least 2 of the following * mucopurulent discharge * nasal obstruction * facial pain or pressure * Inflammation * Mucosal thickening on CT * **History**
46
What is the treatment for Chronic Sinusitis?
* Drugs: * broad-spectrum beta-lactamase resistant drugs * May require surgery * adenoidectomy first

ICM II (12 decks)

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