ENT

Question 1

What is the usual infective cause of otitis media?

Answer 1

Viral

Question 2

What bacteria can cause otitis media?

Answer 2

Strep pneumonia
H influenzae
Strep pyogenes

Question 3

What bacteria can cause CHRONIC otitis media?

Answer 3

Pseudomonas aeringosa

Question 4

What is the most common causes of sore throat?

Answer 4

VIRAL

Question 5

What is the most common bacterial cause of sore throat?

Answer 5

Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) aka strep pyrogenes

Question 6

What is the treatment for bacterial sore throat?

Answer 6

Oral penicillin

Question 7

What is the treatment for bacterial sore throat if patient is pen-allergic?

Answer 7

Clarithromycin

Question 8

Should you give amoxicillin for a bacterial sore throat?

Answer 8

NOOOOOO!!!!!

If it is actually infectious mononucleus then the patient will develop a red rash

Question 9

What are 3 acute complications of strep throat?

Answer 9

Peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
Sinusitis/ otitis media
Scarlet fever

Question 10

What are 2 late complications of strep throat?

Answer 10

Rheumatic fever (fever, arthritis and pancarditis)
Glomerulonephritis (haematuria, albuminuria and oedema)

Question 11

What is the most likely causitive organism if you see a patient with a severe sore throat with a grey/white membrane across the pharynx?

Answer 11

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 12

What is the treatment for diptheria?

Answer 12

Antitoxin
Supportive - intubation and ventilation if airway is blocked
Penicillin/ erythromycin

Question 13

What organism causes oral thrush?

Answer 13

Candida albicans

Question 14

What is seen clinically in oral thrush?

Answer 14

White patches on red, raw mucous membranes

Question 15

What is the treatment for oral thrush?

Answer 15

Topical nystatin

Question 16

Why don’t you give children doxycycline?

Answer 16

Stains teeth and bones

Question 17

What are the most common bacterial causes of otitis externa?

Answer 17

Staph aureus
Proteus spp
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 18

What are the most common fungal causes of otitis externa?

Answer 18

Aspergillus niger

Candida albicans

Question 19

What is the managment of OE?

Answer 19

Topical aural toilet

Swab

Question 20

What treatment is given for fungal OE?

Answer 20

Topical clotrimazole

Question 21

What treatment is given for pseudomonas OE?

Answer 21

Topical gentamicin

Question 22

What are other names for infectious mononucleus?

Answer 22

Mono

Glandular fever

Question 23

How would you describe the lymphocytes in infectious mononcleus?

Answer 23

Atypical
Large, irregular nuclei
Activated T-lymphocytes

Question 24

What causes infectious mononucleus?

Answer 24

EBV

Question 25

What investigations are done for infectious mononucleus?

Answer 25

Epstein-barr virus IgM Heterophile antibody - paul-bunnel test and monospot test FBC LFTs

Question 26

What does herpes simplex type 1 cause?

Answer 26

Primary gingiostomatitis

Question 27

Where does the inactive HSV-1 remain?

Answer 27

Trigeminal nerve

Question 28

What lab test is done for confirm HSV?

Answer 28

PCR to detect viral DNA | Serological IgG

Question 29

What is a serious complication of HSV?

Answer 29

Herpes simplex encephalitis with temporal lobe necrosis

Question 30

What is herpetic whitlow?

Answer 30

Abscess in terminal phalanx dues to HSV

Question 31

What is herpangia?

Answer 31

Ulcers on soft palate due to coxsakie viruses

Question 32

What causes hand, foot and mouth disease?

Answer 32

Coxsakie viruses (enteroviruses)

Question 33

What is a chancre?

Answer 33

Painless ulcer at the site of entry of syphillis bacteria