ENT

Question 1

Causes of gingival hyperplasia?

Answer 1

Phenytoin, calcium channel blockers (nifedipine) and ciclosporin

Question 2

Rinees test in sensorineural deafness?

Answer 2

Both air and bone conduction are impaired, whereas in conductive deafness bone conduction> air conduction.

Question 3

Drugs which cause tinitus?

Answer 3

Aspirin
Aminoglycosides
Loop diuretics
Quinine

Question 4

What is otosclerosis?

Answer 4

Replacement of bone with spongy bone and the fixation of stapes bone at the oval window- it is autosomal dominant and usually presents in patients aged 20-40.
tx= hearing aid and stapedectomy

Question 5

Mixed hearing loss

Answer 5

In mixed hearing loss, air and bone conduction aren’t great with air being worse than bone.

Question 6

Ototoxic drugs?

Answer 6

Ototoxic medicines include gentamicin, quinine, furosemide, aspirin and some chemotherapy agents.

Question 7

What does a negative rinnes test mean?

Answer 7

The Rinne test is negative if there is a conductive hearing loss, as bone conduction is better than air conduction. It is positive if air conduction is better than bone conduction, which can be the case for mild-moderate sensorineural hearing loss or if there is normal hearing.