ENT

Question 1

Define laryngectomy

Answer 1

operation to remove larynx meaning you breathe through a holw if your neck

Question 2

define auricular perichondritis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the ear pericondrium (layer surrounding cartilidge)

Question 3

Types of tymphanogram and what they mean

Answer 3

Type a - tiipii like normal ear

Type b - flat line TM perf or effusion

Type c - teepee shape but shifted to the left negative pp in middle ear Eustachian disfunction or effusion

Question 4

define Presbycusis

Answer 4

Natural sensorineural hearing loss with age struggle especially with high pitched sounds

Question 5

what is Wegener’s granulomatosis and how can it present

Answer 5

vasculitis affecting mainly ears, nose, sinuses, kidneys and lungs.

ENT sx: blocked or runny nose, nosebleeds, crusts around the nostrils, face pain (sinusitis), earache and hearing loss

Question 6

what is saccharin clearance test and what can it test for

Answer 6

study of mucocilliary clearance

can test for ciliary dyskinesia

Question 7

what epiphoria and what can it indicate

Answer 7

Overflow of tears onto face

Obstruction of lacrimal system

Question 8

what is sarciodosis

Answer 8

Inflammatory disease leading to granulomas in lungs but apparently can affect URT in general and cause septal perfs

Question 9

define perennial allergic rhinitis

Answer 9

all year round allergic rhinitis

Question 10

define odynophagia

Answer 10

painful swallowing

Question 11

What type of xray is this

Answer 11

sinus x ray

Question 12

define orbital blow out fracture

Answer 12

fracture involving the orbital floor leading to hernation of obit into maxillary sinus

Question 13

Timeline for nasal breaks

Answer 13

• Initally go to hospital
  
  • assess for complications
  • epistaxis first aid
• 5-7 replace
• After that rhinoplasty is only option

Question 14

what is otosclerosis and what does it cause in hearing

Answer 14

abnormal growth of bone in middle ear leading to conductive hearing loss

Question 15

Quinsy (peritonsular abscess) presentation and treatment

Answer 15

Presentation:

• Complication of glandular fever and tonsilitis ergo those sx
• Dyphagia (must have)
• Trismus (lock jaw ergo hard to open mouth)
• Hot potato voice
• Tonsil inflammation
• Uvula displacement

Treatment

• Fluids
• IV antibiotics broad spec
• Incision and drainage

Question 16

Causes of retropharyngeal abscess

Answer 16

• Quinsy (peritonsular abscess)
• Parotid infection

bascially anything tonsils, throat, sinuses, adenoids, or nose

Question 17

Sx of deep neck space infection

Answer 17

• Sx or original infection
• Septic
• Poor head movement
• Neck mass
• Airway compromise
• Displaced pharynx
• Tongue swelling
• Odynophagia and dysphagia
• Trismus
• Drooling
• Fever
• Muffled voice

Question 18

Sx of vestibular schwanoma

Answer 18

Unilateral SSHL and or tinnitus

Question 19

levels of hearing loss

Answer 19

Mild: 20-40 dB

Moderate: 40-70

Severe 70-90

Profound worse than 90

Question 20

Causes of vertigo and how to differentiate

Answer 20

How long does it last?

• Seconds: BPPV (positional eg when roll in bed)
• Minutes/ hours: Meniere’s (also SNHL, tinnitus, fullness)
• Days: Vestibular neuronitis (young adult with URTI)
• Variable: migraneous (common, phono/photophobia, personal or FHx migrane)

Question 21

Define vertigo

Answer 21

Sensation of movement/ spinning (room spinning)

Different to disequilibrium (off balance, wobbly you spinning)