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Entamoeba Flashcards

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1
Q

Entamoeba spp. where only the trophozoite is found.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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2
Q

T/F: All intestinal amoeba are non-pathogenic except for E. histolytica

A

True

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3
Q

T/F: All free-living amoeba are opportunistic pathogen

A

True

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4
Q

T/F: E. histolytica is morphologically distinct from three other intestinal amoeba (E. dispar, E. bangladeshi, E. moshkovskii)

A

False. E. histolytica is indistinguishable.

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5
Q

Which of the pathogens listed here causes non-invasive diarrhea:
A. E. bangladeshi
B. E. dispar
C. E. moshkovskii

A

C. E. moshkovskii

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6
Q

Who discovered E. histolytica?

A

Losch in 1875

St. Petersburg, Russia

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7
Q

Most patients seen with E. histolytica have?

A

With dysentery

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8
Q

T/F: Majority of E. histolytica patients are symptomatic

A

False. Most are asymptomatic 80-99%

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9
Q

What is the form of E. histolytica present in tissues?

A

Trophozoites

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10
Q

T/F: E. histolytica is small and motile

A

False. E. histolytica is LARGE and motile

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11
Q

T/F: E. histolytica’s outer ectoplasm is clear, transparent, and refractile

A

True

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12
Q

T/F: E. histolytica’s inner endoplasm is finely granular and with ground glass appearance

A

True

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13
Q

T/F: Pseudopodia of E. histolytica is inhibited at high temperatures

A

False. It is inhibited by low temperatures

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14
Q

T/F: E. histolytica’s motility is a free swimming one

A

False. Crawling or gliding motility

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15
Q

Cartwheeling appearance of nucleus is present in:

A

E. histolytica

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16
Q

How does E. histolytica divide?

A

By binary fission every 8H.

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17
Q

How does E. histolytica divide?

A

By binary fission every 8H.

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18
Q

T/F: Live trophozoites passed in stool can initiate infection when re-ingested.

A

False. Even ingested, trophozoites are killed rapidly in the stomach.

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19
Q

Where does the encystment of E. histolytica trophozoites occur?

A

In intestinal lumen.

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20
Q

T/F: E. histolytica encystment occurs in tissues and in feces

A

False. Encystment do not occur in tissues outside the body. It only occurs in intestinal lumen.

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21
Q

T/F: Pre-cystic stage of E. histolytica has glycogen vacuole and 2 chromatid bodies.

A

True.

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22
Q

T/F: Cystic stage of E. histolytica is spherical in shape

A

True. It is also 10-20um in size.

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23
Q

Mode of transmission of E. histolytica.

A

Swallowing of contaminated food and water.

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24
Q

T/F: Mature cyst of E. coli has 6 nuclei

A

False. It has eight.

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25
T/F: Life cycle of Entamoeba coli is the same as E. histolytica
True. But it remains as luminal commensal without tissue invasion.
26
Cyst of this Entamoeba closely resembles Endolimax nana
Entamoeba hartmanni
27
Luminal agents for E. histolytica
Diloxanide, Iodoquinol, Paromomycin, Tetracycline
28
Tissue amoebicides for E. histolytica
Emetine, chloroquine. | Chloroquine: 1gm x 2 days then 5gm x 3 weeks
29
T/F: Asymptomatic E. histolytica do not need treatment
False. It also needs treatment.
30
The chromatid bodies of this Entamoeba are splinter-like and irregular
Entamoeba coli
31
Description of chromatid bodies of Entamoeba histolytica
Cigar-shaped with rounded ends
32
Amoeboma closely resembles what cancer?
Adenocarcinoma of colon
33
T/F: Mature cyst of E. histolytica is octonucleated
False. Quadrinucleated
34
T/F: Excystation occurs because of the acid environment of stomach
False. It occurs because of the alkaline environment of intestine and is damaged by TRYPSIN
35
Life stages of E. histolytica
Trophozoite --> precyst --> cyst --> excystation --> metacyst
36
Incubation period of E. histolytica
4 days to 5 months
37
How to differentiate pathogenic vs non-pathogenic E. histolytica strains?
``` Complement-mediated analysis Phagocytic activity Zymodeme activity Genetic markers Monoclonal antibodies ```
38
Metacystic trophozoites penetrate what cell layer of GIT?
Columnar epithelial cells of crypts of Liberkuhn in colon
39
Penetration of E. histolytica is due to what virulence factor?
Histolysin
40
Adherence of E. histolytica is due to what virulence factor?
Amoebic lectin
41
T/F: Stool consistency of E. histolytica is characterized by adherence to container
False. It do not adhere to container
42
Description of intestinal ulcer lesion of E. histolytica amoebiasis
Pin-head center and raised edges
43
In cross-section, what is the description of typical amoebic ulcer?
Flask-shaped. Narrow neck and rounded base
44
Perforation and peritonitis is due to what pathophysiology:
Affectation of muscular and serous coats of colon respectively
45
Amoeboma is a result of Acute or Chronic ulcer?
Chronic ulcer.
46
Where can we see multiple lesions most?
1. In cecum | 2. Rectosigmoid, next most area
47
Vague abdominal symptoms of E. histolytica is termed as
Growling abdomen | Uncomfortable belly
48
Most common extraintestinal complication of amoebiasis
Hepatic amoebiasis
49
T/F: In amoebic liver abscess, center of abscess if full of bacteria and amoeba
False. It is bacteriologically sterile and free of amoeba.
50
Characteristic smell of ALA pus:
Anchovy sauce pus or bagoong like odor
51
In smear, where can we see the invading amoeba?
In periphery. | Central is free of amoeba and bacteriologically sterilly
52
How does jaundice occur?
When there is multiple lesions
53
T/F: Pulmonary amoebiasis occur via lymphatic spread.
False. It occurs via direct hematogenous spread
54
T/F: Hepatobronchial fistula has non-productive cough as symptoms
False. With productive cough. Expectoration of brown sputum.
55
T/F: Amoebic empyema has productive cough
False. It has non-productive cough
56
How does metastatic amoebiasis spread?
Through lymphatics and direct hematogenous spread
57
Cutaneous amoebiasis is commonly mistaken for what disease entities?
Condylomata and epithelioma
58
T/F: E. histolytica do not ingest RBCs
False. It phagocytize RBCs. | Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba hartmanni are those that do not ingest RBCs
59
How many stool samples should be examined to test for excretion of stools?
3x
60
T/F: Serological tests for E. histolytica becomes positive in non-invasive forms
False. It becomes positive in invasive forms only
61
Indirect hemagluttin test/assay titer to diagnose with E. histolytica amoebic hepatitis/hepatitis amoebiasis
1:256 or above
62
T/F: ELISA is of great value to E. histolytica diagnosis
True. Due to its greater sensitivity
63
T/F: Stool samples are of great use in amoebic hepatitis
False. Because only about 15% of cases become positive.
64
What part of lobe is usually affected in hepatic amoebiasis?
Right lobe
65
Are lesions of amoebic liver abscess often solitary or multiple?
Solitary. | In pyogenic abscess is where we can appreciate more the multiple lesions.
66
What is the drug of choice in treating amoebiasis?
Metronidazole. | 750mg 3x/day for 5-10 days.
67
T/F: Movement of E. coli is active/rapid.
False. It is sluggish.
68
T/F: Visibility of nucleus in unstained film is a characteristic of E. hartmanni
False. It is characteristic description of Entamoeba coli.
69
The karyosome of this Entamoeba is large and eccentric?
Entamoeba coli. | E. histolytica and E. hartmanni - small and central
70
This pathogen can be found whenever E. histolytica is found.
E. hartmanni

Parasitology (2 decks)

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