Flagellates

Question 1

T/F: Balantidium colo is a flagellate

Answer 1

False. It is a ciliate.

Question 2

T/F: Most intestinal parasites are transmitted via feco-oral oral except for T. vaginalis.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

Mode of transmission of T. vaginalis.

Answer 3

Sexual contact

Question 4

Other names for Giardia lamblia

Answer 4

Giardia duodenalis

Giardia intesinalis

Question 5

Diagnostic stage of Giardia lamblia.

Answer 5

Trophozoite and cysts in feces

Question 6

Infective stage of Giardia lamblia

Answer 6

Cysts –> resistant forms

Question 7

Mode of transmission of Giardia lamblia

Answer 7

Ingestion of cysts from contaminated water, food
Fecal-oral route
Hands or Fomites

Question 8

T/F: Human to human transmission of Giardiasis is impossible

Answer 8

False. It is possible.

Question 9

Cysts of Giardia lamblia is found in what type of stool?

Answer 9

Non-diarrheal/formed

Question 10

Where does excystation of Giardia lamblia occur?

Answer 10

In duodenum

Question 11

T/F: Giardiasis is localized to small intestine only therefore do not enter the bloodstreeam.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F: The cyst of Giardiasis causes inflammation of duodenal mucosa

Answer 12

False. It is the trophozoite since the cysts excyst and produce 2 trophozoites which attaches themselves in gut wall using ventral sucker.

Question 13

What macromolecule is not absorbed normally in Giardiasis?

Answer 13

Fat and proteins

Question 14

T/F: Chlorination kills Giardia lamblia.

Answer 14

False. Filtration will remove them.

Question 15

Immunoglobulin deficiency that predisposes patient to have symptomatic infection.

Answer 15

IgA deficiency.

Question 16

String (Enterotest) is used to diagnose what flagellate

Answer 16

Giardia lamblia

Question 17

Drug of choice for most flagellates is

Answer 17

Metronidazole.

However, tinidazole is better tolerated

Question 18

In string (enterotest), what life cycle stage attaches to the string?

Answer 18

Trophozoites

Question 19

Trophozoite and cyst description of G. lamblia

Answer 19

Trophozoite - binucleate , 4 pairs of flagella, suction disk

Cyst - quadrinucleate, oval in shape,

Question 20

Flagellates which exists only on trophozoite form

Answer 20

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 21

T/F: In trichomoniasis, treatment of only the infected person is crucial for those with partners.

Answer 21

False. Treatment of both is essential.

Question 22

T/F: Maintenance of high pH vaginal is essential for treatment of Trichomoniasis

Answer 22

False. Maintenance of LOW vaginal pH

Question 23

Historically, only trophozoites are found in this intestinal parasite

Answer 23

Dientamoeba fragilis

Question 24

T/F: Dientamoeba fragilis have external flagella

Answer 24

False. Only internal flagella.

Question 25

Diagnostic stage of Dientamoeba fragilis

Answer 25

Trophozoites in feces

Question 26

Infective stage of Dientamoeba fragilis

Answer 26

Direct fecal-oral route, with possibility of involvement of pre-cyst and cyst stages

Question 27

Where is the trophozoite of Dientamoeba fragilis found?

Answer 27

In lumen of large intestine

Question 28

Treatment of choice for Dientamoeba fragiis

Answer 28

Metronidazole for 5-10 days course

Question 29

Unlike other parasites, what can be seen in CBC of Dientamoeba fragilis?

Answer 29

Peripheral eosinophilia, hence may mask as allergic colitis

Question 30

What should be used to preserve stool specimen of Dientamoeba?

Answer 30

Polyvinyl alcohol

Question 31

Chilomastix mesnili resides in?

Answer 31

Cecum and/or colon

Question 32

Where does excystation of Chilomastix spp occur?

Answer 32

In large intestine where it sheds trophozoites

Question 33

T/F: Chilomastix mesnili is a commensal pathogen

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

T/F: Chilomastix mesnili is considered a cosmopolitan species.

Answer 34

True. It is found in brackish, fresh, and marine waters.

Question 35

Diagnostic stage of Chilomastix mesnili

Answer 35

Both trophozoite and cysts

Question 36

Infective stage of Chilomastix mesnili

Answer 36

Cysts

Question 37

Mode of transmission of Chilomastix mesnili

Answer 37

Feco-oral route

Question 38

T/F: Chilomastix mesnili's trophozoite is non-feeding

Answer 38

False. Feeding via endocytosis.

Question 39

T/F: Chilomastix mesnili's cyst is non-feeding

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T/F: Trophozoite of chilomastix mesnili has 4 flagella

Answer 40

True. 3 anterior flagella, 1 more posterior flagella that acts as a mouth with feeding groove

Question 41

T/F: Cyst of Chilomastix mesnili has 4 flagella

Answer 41

False. Only the vaned flagella (4th) exist in Chilomastix mesnili. The 3 anteriors are not found hence it is non-motile.

Question 42

T/F: Cysts of Chilomastix mesnili is motile.

Answer 42

False. Since the anterior flagellas are not found in cysts, Chilomastix mesnili cyst is non-motile.