ENTERIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

Question 1

Common signs of this disease include diarrhea (which may be bloody or contain mucus), vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, lethargy, and sometimes fever.

Answer 1

Enteric Bacterial Infections

Question 2

Enteric Bacterial Infections caused by several genus of bacteria such as:

Answer 2

Campylobacter
Helicobacter
Salmonella
Yersinia
Clostridium

Question 3

Campylobacteriosis causative agent

Answer 3

Campylobacter jejuni
C. coli
C. upsaliensis
C. heleveticus

Question 4

This bacteria is routinely associated with diarrheal disease in cats, dogs, other animals, and humans

Answer 4

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 5

These bacteria are isolated more frequently from asymptomatic cats and dogs

Answer 5

Campylobacter upsaliensis and Campylobacter heleveticus

Question 6

primary route of infection of Campylobacter spp.

Answer 6

Fecal-oral spread with foodborne and waterborne transmission

Question 7

Campylobacteriosis sources of infection

Answer 7

Contaminated meat products (poultry and unpasteurized milk)

Question 8

These organisms may play a synergistic role with the Campylobacter bacteria

Answer 8

Parvovirus, Coronavirus, Giardia organisms, or Salmonella organisms

Question 9

A cytotoxin that has been identified in C. jejuni. Its role in producing intestinal disease is unknown but in vitro, it causes distension of cell lines and cell cycle arrest.

Answer 9

Cytolethal distending toxin

Question 10

In the cases of Campylobacteriosis, experimental infections of kittens with strains isolated from people with diarrhea are less sever than those observed in the people from which the organisms were isolated.

Question 11

Clinical signs of this disease is poorly documented in the absence of other pathogens. Usually asymptomatic

Answer 11

Enteric Bacterial Infections

Question 12

If clinical signs are present in a cat with Campylobacteriosis, the animal is usually in what age?

Answer 12

younger than six months

Question 13

These bacteria causes diarrhea in neonates; asymptomatic in adults but may cause diarrhea and systemic manifestations in synergy with other pathogens

Answer 13

C. jejuni and C. coli

Question 14

Both of these bacteria have asymptomatic clinical features but _________ may cause diarrhea, abscess, and placental damage in rare cases.

Answer 14

✓ C. upsaliensis and C. helveticus
✓ C. upsaliensis

Question 15

It is the drug of choice for Campylobacteriosis in humans, and it may also be used in the treatment of cats

Answer 15

Erythromycin

Question 16

Treatment with this drug should be done with precaution as it causes gastric irritation and vomiting in some animals

Answer 16

Erythromycin

Question 17

Clinical improvement was also noted in a campylobacter-infected cat treated with __________, resulting in elimination of the organism.

Answer 17

chloramphenicol

Question 18

Bacteremia and cholecystitis caused by C. jejuni have been successfully treated with __________ for 21 days, it resulted in a complete resolution of all clinical and laboratory abnormalities.

Answer 18

IV cefoxitin or oral erythromycin

Question 19

These antibiotics may be used in eliminating C. jejuni and C. coli in asymptomatic carriers, but drug resistance to this antibiotic can develop.

Answer 19

Quinolone

Question 20

These bacteria are part of the commensal microflora of domestic animals, they are the primary cause of enteric disease in humans.

Answer 20

C. jejuni and C. coli

Question 21

Helicobacteriosis causative agents

Answer 21

Helicobacter pylori
H. felis
H. bizzozeronii

Question 22

causes persistent, active, chronic gastritis, and peptic ulcer disease in humans and has been linked to the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoma

Answer 22

Helicobacter pylori

Question 23

is the more likely mode of transmission of Helicobacteriosis based on clinical observations of people infected by exposure to gastric secretions, isolation of H. pylori from dental plaque and tissue, and nosocomial infection from improper disinfection of gastric pH probes and endoscopic equipment.

Answer 23

Oral-oral transmission

Question 24

is a likely source of infection of Helicobacter in animals

Answer 24

Vomitus containing gastric Helicobacter

Question 25

H. felis infection in cats is characterized by inflammatory and infiltrative changes but no changes in gastric secretion.

Question 26

some manifestations of this condition include chronic vomiting, weight loss, and in some cases severe emaciation and diarrhea

Answer 26

Helicobacteriosis

Question 27

Cats naturally infected with H. pylori were treated for 21 days with these oral antibiotics After treatment, all six cats tested negative for H. pylori by culture in saliva, stomach fluid, and stomach tissue.

Answer 27

amoxicillin, metronidazole, and omeprazole

Question 28

However, PCR tests 2 and 4 weeks later still detected H. pylori DNA in stomach biopsies from most cats. At 6 weeks, cultures from stomach samples were still negative in all cats, except one, which had H. pylori in stomach fluid. PCR still showed Helicobacter DNA in five of six cats—in plaque, saliva, and stomach tissue. But the PCR test used can also detect other types of Helicobacter, so the DNA may have come from other, non-H. pylori species found in the cats.

Question 29

The species (serotypes) of Salmonella recognized to be of major pathogenic significance in veterinary and human microbiology include

Answer 29

S. ser choleraesuis S. ser arizonae S. ser enteritidis S. ser typhimurium

Question 30

The species of Salmonella most commonly isolated from diseased animals and people is

Answer 30

S. typhimurium

Question 31

Airborne transmission of this bacteria, which produces respiratory infection, may occur occasionally because the organism is able to survive on dried airborne particles in the absence of organic material

Answer 31

Salmonella

Question 32

The syndromes can be artificially divided into gastroenteritis, bacteremia and endotoxemia, organ localization, and persistence of an asymptomatic carrier state. What disease

Answer 32

Salmonellosis

Question 33

Cats with this infection often start with high fever (40–41.1°C), lethargy, and loss of appetite, followed by vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea (which may contain blood or mucus). Hypersalivation is common due to vomiting.

Answer 33

Salmonellosis

Question 34

Weight loss, dehydration, pale gums, weakness, shock, and jaundice can develop in severe cases. Some cats may show nervous system symptoms like seizures, blindness, or incoordination. What condition?

Answer 34

Salmonellosis

Question 35

Pneumonia, along with coughing and nosebleeds, may occur. What disease?

Answer 35

Salmonellosis

Question 36

Some cats show only fever without digestive signs, and kittens under 7 weeks may not develop a fever even with serious infection. Severe cases may lead to organ failure due to blood clotting issues (DIC). What disease?

Answer 36

Salmonellosis

Question 37

In pregnant cats, Salmonella may cause abortion, stillbirths, or weak kittens. Infected queens may have prolonged vaginal discharge, and surviving kittens may underweight and sickly. Some infected cats may also develop conjunctivitis, swollen lymph nodes, and continue shedding the bacteria in their stool. What condition?

Answer 37

Salmonellosis

Question 38

Illness of this disease typically lasts 2–7 days

Answer 38

Songbird fever

Question 39

Seasonal bird migrations have been linked to Salmonella typhimurium infections in outdoor cats that hunt birds or visit bird feeders. Infected cats show sudden depression, loss of appetite, high fever, bloody diarrhea, and sometimes vomiting. What disease?

Answer 39

Songbird fever

Question 40

Treatment for Salmonellosis that reduces fluid loss by blocking prostaglandin-mediated secretion

Answer 40

Indomethacin

Question 41

Drug for Salmonellosis which is more commonly used but may cause GI bleeding and kidney damage.

Answer 41

Flunixin meglumine

Question 42

may help by acidifying the colon and reducing Salmonella survival, but only after correcting dehydration and in refractory cases.

Answer 42

Lactulose

Question 43

Effective antibiotics against Salmonellosis

Answer 43

Chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfonamide, amoxicillin

Question 44

are options in treating Salmonellosis in resistant cases, but use with caution due to toxicity and resistance

Answer 44

Aminoglycosides and quinolones