LEPTOSPIROSIS Flashcards
(25 cards)
Leptospirosis has been reported over how many mammalian species?
150
One of the diseases which is considered an emerging infectious disease
Leptospirosis
Leptospira-subclinically infected wild and domestic animals with serve as ________ and are a potential source of infection for ___________, including humans
reservoir hosts
incidental hosts
Leptospira infection in cats is common, and cats usually acquire the infection from hunting what animal?
rodents
cats can shed Leptospira with their ________, and thus, serve as a potential source of infection
urine
Leptospires can remain infectious for several months under optimal environmental conditions, such as: (ENUMERATE)
temperatures around 25 °C, moisture, neutral soil pH
Leptospires can cause infections in many animal species and have been identified in more than 150 mammalian species as well as in these animals: (ENUMERATE)
bird, fish, amphibian, and reptile species
These infected wild and domestic animals serve as reservoir hosts and shed leptospires mainly through urine, and thus, are a potential source for contamination of the environment
Subclinically and often chronically infected animas
In the case of leptospirosis, this animal mainly serves as reservoir hosts
rodents
In the case of leptospirosis, mainly rodents serve as reservoir hosts, but companion and production animals,
such as ________ (ENUMERATE), can also act as reservoir hosts
dogs, cats, pigs, and cattle
Direct transmission of Leptospira between hosts occurs through the following routes. (ENUMERATE)
urine, venereal, placental, bites, or ingestion of infected animals or tissues
Leptospires in contaminated water invade the host through ______& but also through _________.
skin wounds
intact mucous membranes
In cats, indirect transmission through water contact is less likely due to the
aversion of cats to swim in water, but they might be infected by ________ out of natural water sources.
drinking
Some cats with leptospiros showed mild clinical signs, such as:
Polyuria/polydipsia
Mild diarrhoea
Slight increase in body temperature
Experimentally Leptospira-infected cats had ________ at necropsy, and
histopathological ____________were noted. Five of seven cats showed ___________.
✓ enlarged liver
✓ degenerative changes of the liver
✓ non-purulent interstitial nephritis
Clinical signs most frequently reported in cats with Leptospirosis
Polydispia
Anorexia
Lethargy
Bleeding disorders
This stage of antimicrobial therapy against leptospiros is aimed to immediately inhibit multiplication of the organism and rapidly reduce fatal complications of infection, such as ______ and _____
hepatic and renal failure
Fist stage of antimicrobial therapy is aimed to immediately inhibit multiplication of the organism and
rapidly reduce fatal complications of infection, such as hepatic and renal failure
are the antibiotics of choice for first stage of antimicrobial therapy terminating Leptospira spp. replication
Penicillin and its derivatives
First stage of atimicrobial therapy that should be given parenterally to a vomiting, uraemic, or hepatically compromised animal infected with Leptospira spp.
ampicillin or amoxicillin
This stage of antimicrobial therapy against leptospirosis, other drugs should be administered to address the carrier state.
second stage
is the drug of choice for second stage of antimicrobial therapy against Leptospirosis and treatment should start as soon as the clinical condition allows its oral application
Doxycycline
Diagnostic tool used to detect the DNA of Leptospira organism
PCR
Direct identification of the Leptospira spp. can be achieved by several techniques, including ______________ or in tissue sections or on air dried smears by light microscopy, culturing of the organism
visualization in fresh urine by dark-field microscopy
