Enviro - burns, heat, radiation, and electric

Question 1

what are ‘full thickness burns’?

Answer 1

3rd and 4th degree

• total destruction of epidermis and dermis
• no epithelial regeneration

Question 2

what are ‘partial thickness’ burns?

Answer 2

2nd degree

-invovle the epidermis and superficial dermis

Question 3

what burns only involve the epidermis?

Answer 3

1st degree

• adjacent tissue develops inflammatory changes and exudate
• -food= burn palate
• -liquid= burn tongue

Question 4

1st degree =
2nd degree =
3rd degree =
4th degree =

Answer 4

1st degree = epidermal burn
2nd degree = superficial dermal burn
3rd degree = full thickness burn
4th degree = to muscle and bone

Question 5

T or F… you lose a lot of water when burned

Answer 5

ture, become hypovolemic

Question 6

post burn complications

Answer 6

• hypovolemic shock due to shift in body fluids to interstitial compartments
• pulmonary and generalized edema

Question 7

airway injury after burns

Answer 7

• direct injury due to heat

* indirect injury due to toxic products in smoke results in pneumonitis

Question 8

what are examples of secondary burn infections?

Answer 8

1) organ system failure
2) pneumonia and septic shoch are common
3) sepsis is the leading cause of death

Question 9

what is the leading cause of death with burn victims?

Answer 9

sepsis from secondary infections is the leading cause of death

Question 10

common bacteria found in secondary burn infections?

which one is most common?

Answer 10

1) pseudomonas aeruginosa
2) S. aureus
3) Candida is MOST COMMON

Question 11

define thermal injury

Answer 11

hypermetabolic state with excess heat loss and incresed need for nutritional support

Question 12

what are the stages of thermal injury?

Answer 12

1) hyperthermia
2) heat exhaustion
3) heat stroke

Question 13

hyperthermia initially causes?

Answer 13

heat cramps (loss of electrolytes via sweating) and spasms of voluntary muscles

Question 14

___________ system cannot compensate for hypovolemia

Answer 14

cardiovascular system

Question 15

heat exhaustion

Answer 15

most common

• sudden with prostration and collapse
• cardiovascular system cannot compensate for hypovolemia

Question 16

what happens to core body temp is a heat stroke?

Answer 16

rises as high as 113 F

Question 17

define prostration

Answer 17

act of lying stretched out on the ground

Question 18

what temperature results in 50% of mortality?

Answer 18

106 F

Question 19

heat stroke is more common in what population

Answer 19

the elderly with cardiovascular disease

Question 20

what is the pathogenesis of heat stroke?

Answer 20

marked generalized peripheral dilation with peripheral pooling of blood and decreased circulating blood volume

Question 21

define Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 21

IS GENETIC NOT ENVIRONMENTAL!

• reaction to certain gases used during anesthesia
• or paralyze, relax muscles during surguries
• INREASED Ca+ that breaks down muscle

Question 22

define hypothermia

Answer 22

loss of core body temperature

Question 23

what happens when the core body temp reduces to 90 F?

Answer 23

• unconsciousness
• bradycardia
• atrial fibrillation

Question 24

bradycardia vs tachycardia

Examples of causes?

Answer 24

• bradycardia = slow heart rate (hypothermia)

* tachycardia = too fast heart rate (cocaine)

Question 25

1) AFib or atrial fibrillation puts patients at an increased risk of? 2) common type of medicine? 3) concern as a dentist?

Answer 25

1) stroke 2) blood thinners (Ex: Warfarin, rivaroxaban or dabigatran) 3) need to make sure your can proceed with treatment while on prescription OR if it is safe to stop taking medicine for a couple of days to perform treatment

Question 26

define AFib or atrial fibrillation

Answer 26

irregular, rapid heart rate that may cause symptoms like heart palpitations, fatigue, and shortness of breath

Question 27

define electrical injury

Answer 27

type of injury dependent upon the amperage and path of electrical current in body (burns or cardiac interruption)

Question 28

low voltage electrical injury

Answer 28

(AC) tetanus and spasms of chest wall muscles

Question 29

high voltage electrical injury

Answer 29

(lightning) paralysis of medullary center and extensive burns

Question 30

radiation injury forms

Answer 30

1) electromagnetic waves (x-rays) | 2) high energy neutrons and charges particles

Question 31

radiation injury targets?

Answer 31

DNA

Question 32

what does radiation do to DNA?

Answer 32

causes direct damage or indirect damage via free radicals

Question 33

effect on cells and tissues from radiation injury?

Answer 33

- cells in mitosis are susceptible to permanent damage | - rapidly dividing tissues (bone marrow, mucosa) show rapid destruction

Question 34

define Osteoradionecrosis (ORN)

Answer 34

is a condition of nonvital bone in a site of radiation injury. - Can be spontaneous, but it most commonly results from tissue injury. 0 The absence of reserve reparative capacity is a result of the prior radiation injury

Question 35

secondary tissue damage from radiation injury is due to a loss of?

Answer 35

blood supply

Question 36

examples of secondary tissue damage?

Answer 36

1) endothelium destruction 2) radiation converts oxygen to superoxide causing free radical tissue injury 3) radon is carcinogen in lung tissue