Environment, children, pregnancy, elderly

Question 1

Which of the following are NOT adaptations that occur due to exercise in hot and humid environments?
A. increased onset and rate of fluid/electrolyte loss
B. more heat-shock proteins are expressed to increase comfort in hot/humid environments
C. increases resting heart rate chronically
D. blood flow to skin increases to dissipate heat more efficiently

Answer 1

C. increases resting heart rate chronically

Question 2

What is the primary physiological challenge faced by the body during exercise in hot and humid conditions?
A. increased muscle strength
B. difficulty in thermoregulation
C. enhanced cardiovascular endurance
D. decreased heart rate

Answer 2

B. difficulty in thermoregulation

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a sign/symptom of heat stress?
A. confusion
B. elevated heart rate
C. low back pain
D. orthostatic hypotension

Answer 3

C. low back pain

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of training in a hot and humid environment?
A. increased risk of heat illness
B. dehydration
C. reduced performance
D. heat acclimatization

Answer 4

D. heat acclimatization

Question 5

What adaptation occurs with chronic training in heat and humidity?
A. no change in sweating rate
B. decreased sodium concentration in sweat
C. increased heart rate
D. decreased cardiovascular efficiency

Answer 5

B. decreased sodium concentration in sweat

Question 6

Which of the following strategies is MOST important when training for a half-marathon in a hot and humid environment?
A. running at your goal pace during every training run to build tolerance
B. avoiding electrolyte supplementation to prevent bloating
C. gradually acclimating to heat by slowly increasing outdoor exposure
D. scheduling all runs in the afternoon when temperatures are highest

Answer 6

C. gradually acclimating to heat by slowly increasing outdoor exposure

Question 7

What physiological change helps the body conserve heat in cold environments?
A. vasodilation
B. increased sweating
C. vasoconstriction
D. increased blood flow to the skin

Answer 7

C. vasoconstriction

Question 8

What is an early sign of frost bite?
A. stinging sensation
B. loss of function
C. blistering
D. skin turns hard and blue-gray color

Answer 8

A. stinging sensation

Question 9

Which adaptation may occur with repeated cold training exposure?
A. increased sweat rate
B. earlier onset of fatigue
C. enhanced thermoregulation
D. decreased brown fat activation

Answer 9

C. enhanced thermoregulation

Question 10

What is an important safety measure for training in extreme cold?
A. wearing cotton clothing
B. avoiding hydration
C. monitoring weather conditions
D. exposing skin for acclimatization

Answer 10

C. monitoring weather conditions

Question 11

What is the main concern when you’re exercising in extreme cold conditions?
A. increased risk of dehydration
B. increased risk of muscle sprains
C. increased risk of overheating
D. increased risk of hypothermia and frostbite

Answer 11

D. increased risk of hypothermia and frostbite

Question 12

What is one age-related change associated with aging?
A. improved joint mobility
B. hypotension
C. reduced bone mineral density
D. increased HR max

Answer 12

C. reduced bone mineral density

Question 13

Which of the following was a key finding of the Harvard Alumni Study on physical activity and longevity?
A. engaging in regular physical activity had no significant effect on lifespan
B. individuals who expended at least 2,000 kcal per week through exercise had a lower risk of all-cause mortality
C. only high-intensity exercise provided longevity benefits, while moderate activity had no impact
D. starting exercise later in life had no health benefits

Answer 13

B. individuals who expended at least 2,000 kcal per week through exercise had a lower risk of all-cause mortality

Question 14

According to Healthy People 2030, what is NOT a key guideline for older adults
A. older adults should strive to go 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise regardless of any conditions they might have
B. older adults should incorporate balance-related activities in their exercise routine
C. muscle-strengthening activities should be done at least twice a week and involve all major muscle groups
D. Older adults need to consider how their conditions might affect their ability to do regular physical activity

Answer 14

A. older adults should strive to go 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise regardless of any conditions they might have

Question 15

Which of these signs are related to overtraining in older adults when exercising?
A. increased ability to perform workouts
B. excessive fatigue at rest
C. delayed onset of muscle soreness
D. better night’s sleep

Answer 15

B. excessive fatigue at rest

Question 16

What factor does not contribute to age related changes in muscle mass and strength? ​
A. decreased size of muscle fibers ​
B. decreased recovery time post-workout ​
C. decreased number of muscle fibers ​
D. inactivity and sedentary lifestyle ​

Answer 16

B. decreased recovery time post-workout ​

Question 17

When recommending exercise to children between the age of 7 to 17, the requirements are that they need to enjoy and perform it at least 3 days a week.
True or False

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Which factor contributes most to strength gains in prepubescent children?
A. muscle hypertrophy
B. increased testosterone
C. neural adaptations
D. bone density

Answer 18

C. neural adaptations

Question 19

Which principle should guide strength programming for youth?
A. maximum weight lifting
B. sport specialization
C. development of exercise performance in a safe program
D. training to failure

Answer 19

C. development of exercise performance in a safe program

Question 20

Which of the following statements about gender differences in strength and fitness is true?
A. boys and girls have significantly different strength levels relative to body weight prepuberty
B. teenage girls typically have greater muscle mass and strength compared to teenage boys after the onset of puberty
C. females have a higher risk of ACL injuries due to anatomical differences, requiring more focused injury prevention strategies
D. boys and girls benefit from different types of training throughout their development

Answer 20

C. females have a higher risk of ACL injuries due to anatomical differences, requiring more focused injury prevention strategies

Question 21

According to WHO, how often should youth engage in bone strengthening activity?
A. 1x/week
B. 2x/weel
C. 3x/week
D. 5x/week

Answer 21

C. 3x/week

Question 22

Which of the following is not an adaptation with training in high altitude environments?
A. improved lactate threshold
B. improved pulmonary function
C. decreased capillary density
D. more efficient usage of O2

Answer 22

C. decreased capillary density

Question 23

Ataxia, confusion, vomiting, loss of consciousness, severe weakness are signs and symptoms of HAPE.
True or false

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Which of the following is directly impeded when training at high altitudes
A. TLC
B. VO2 Max
C. IRV
D. ERV

Answer 24

B. VO2 Max

Question 25

What is a common early physiological response when transitioning to high-altitude training? A. decreased respiratory rate B. increased reliance on anaerobic metabolism C. increased oxygen availability D. decreased resting heart rate

Answer 25

B. increased reliance on anaerobic metabolism

Question 26

Which of the following is a disadvantage of training at high altitudes? A. increased red blood cell production B. increased risk of immune suppression and fatigue C. improved oxygen efficiency in muscles D. enhanced VO2 max and cardiovascular function

Answer 26

B. increased risk of immune suppression and fatigue

Question 27

What is a common posture change during pregnancy? A. increased cervical spine straightening (cervical kyphosis) B. increased shoulder rounding C. decreased joint mobility D. increased lower back curve (lumbar lordosis)

Answer 27

D. increased lower back curve (lumbar lordosis)

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a myth regarding exercising during pregnancy? A. pregnant women should avoid abdominal exercises B. pregnant women should not lift heavy over 10 pounds while working out C. pregnant women should be cautious when performing contact sports D. impact exercises such as running should be avoided throughout the pregnancy

Answer 28

C. pregnant women should be cautious when performing contact sports

Question 29

What hormone is primarly responsible for increasing joint laxity during pregnancy? A. estrogen B. Progesterone C. relaxin D. oxytocin

Answer 29

C. relaxin

Question 30

A patient is in her 22nd week of gestation and asks if she can continue performing her supine core exercises as part of her workout routine. What is the most appropriate response? A. encourage prolonged supine exercise to improve venous return B. avoid prolonged supine exercises to prevent IVC compression C. continue supine exercises as long as they are performed at low intensities D. supine exercises should only be avoided if the patient reports dizziness or shortness of breath

Answer 30

B. avoid prolonged supine exercises to prevent IVC compression

Question 31

What is the primary reason for recommending strength training during pregnancy? A. to increase fetal muscle mass B. to prevent gestational diabetes C. to maintain maternal muscular strength and endurance D. to enhance postpartum muscle recovery

Answer 31

C. to maintain maternal muscular strength and endurance