Environmental Chem

Question 1

What is a Nutrient?

Answer 1

Compounds used to maintain a healthy living thing

Question 2

What is an organic compound

Answer 2

compounds that contain carbon

Question 3

Types of organic compounds

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, lipids, and protein

Question 4

Explain lipids

Answer 4

Storage of unused energy (ex; avacados, seed oils, butter, lard)

Question 5

Explain carbohydrates

Answer 5

Provide energy to living things. All carbs are broken into glucose (basic sugar molecule that provides energy) ex; bread, grain, rice.

Question 6

Explaian protein

Answer 6

Useful for building and repairing mechanisms within our bodies (ex; eggs, meat, tofu, beans)

Question 7

What are inorganic compounds

Answer 7

Contains other elements from organic, ex; trace elements (little amount needed) - Fe, Zn, Mn, Se

macrominerals (large amounts)- Mg, Na, K, P, N

Mn — Manganese

Se — Selenium

Mg — Magnesium

Na — Sodium

K — Potassium

P — Phosphorus

N — Nitrogen

Question 8

What is a fertilizer and what do they contain

Answer 8

A substance that help grow plants and is necessary for seed germination (contain Na, P, K, and trace minerals)

Question 9

Eutrophication

Answer 9

when a body of water (like a lake or river) gets too many nutrients—especially nitrogen and phosphorus—often from fertilizers or sewage

Question 10

Substrate

Answer 10

Material on which organisms live.

Question 11

What element must be present for a molecule to be considered organic?

Answer 11

Carbon

Question 12

Explain the function of each mineral

Nitrogen-

Calcium-

Phosphorus-

Iron-

Answer 12

N- Important part of the nitrogen cycle

C- Forms bones and teeth (crucial in nerve conduction and muscle contraction)

P- Promotes proper bone formation, regulates metabolism and forms compounds that store and release energy

I- crucial parts of red blood cells that regulates oxygen transport

Question 13

What do the numbers labeled on a bag of fertilizer mean

Answer 13

in order the amount of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium

Question 14

What do phophorus, nitrogen, and potassium do for plants

Answer 14

Phosphorus- Seed germination
Nitrogen- Stem and leaf growth
Potassium- Promotes flower/fruit formation

Question 15

What is pollution

Answer 15

When harmful substances are introduces into the environment

Question 16

Explain what a pesticide is and the 3 main

Answer 16

Used to kill of unwanted plants animals fungi and bacteria (Herbicide, insecticide, fungicide.)

Question 17

What is killex and what is roundup

Answer 17

Killex- Kills certain plants

Roundup- Kill everything

Question 18

What is biological magnification and accumulation?

Answer 18

Biological Magnification: Harmful chemicals become more concentrated as they move up the food chain (e.g., from salmon to orca).

Bioaccumulation: Harmful chemicals build up in one organism over time because the body can’t get rid of them. (DDT over 20 years)

Question 19

What is organic farming and synthetic pesticide

Answer 19

Organic farming- using natural processes to minimize environment damage

Synthetic pesticide- Destroys soil and is made in labs

Question 20

What kind of Pollutant is DDT

Answer 20

Persistent, DO NOT break down easily in environment.

Question 21

What is eutrophication?

Answer 21

the enrichment of a water body with nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, leading to excessive plant and algal growth

Question 22

What is acid percipitation

Answer 22

Any precipitation that has an acidic pH (below 7)

Question 23

What is neutralization and 3 types of ways

Answer 23

When an acid and base combine they cancel eachother= pH becomes neutralized.

Liming, scrubbers, and catalytic converters

Question 24

Explain liming.

Answer 24

Add calcium carbonate to acidified bodies of water to neutralize pH. causes tempt to change

Question 25

Explain scrubbers

Answer 25

use calcium carbonate mixed with water. Harmful gases are passed through this mixture before they reach atmosphere

Question 26

Explain catalytic converters.

Answer 26

- Contain a honey comb coated with a catalyst such as platinum, this leads to more combustion

Question 27

List two differences from basic and acidic solutions and what we use it for

Answer 27

Acidic- Less than a pH of 7 and taste sour (used for cleaning and food preservation) Basic- pH greater than 7 and taste bitter (Used for soap and baking soda)

Question 28

What will repeatedly adding calcium carboante to acidified lakes do?

Answer 28

Raise or increase their pH, process is commonly referred to as liming.

Question 29

Explain how scrubbers help to reduce the level of oxides.

Answer 29

Remove sulfur dioxide gas by reacting heated gases with calcium oxide or lime.

Question 30

What is leaching

Answer 30

Process where water washes nutrients, chemicals, or pollutants out of soil and into bodies of water.

Question 31

What characteristics would be important for a safe and effective pesticide

Answer 31

- Target specific - Non accumulating - Non toxic to humans and animals

Question 32

Differ toxins and poison

Answer 32

Toxins are produced by or within living organisms while poison can cause harm to organisms if ingested