Environmental Health & Toxicology

Question 1

What are the 5 steps of IPM?

Answer 1

1. Pest identification
2. Set action thresholds
3. Monitor
4. Prevention
5. Control

Question 2

4 stages of mosquito development

Answer 2

Eggs
Larvae
Pupae
Adults

Question 3

Propagative transmission (mosquitoes): definition and example

Answer 3

pathogen undergoes multiplication only in mosquito

ex: arboviruses

Question 4

Cyclodevelopmental transmission (mosquitoes): definition and example

Answer 4

agent progresses through developmental stages in the mosquito

ex: dirofilaria

Question 5

Cyclopropagative transmission (mosquitoes): definition and example

Answer 5

agent undergoes multiplication and development in the mosquito

ex: trypanosomiasis

Question 6

Mechanical transmission (mosquitoes): definition and example

Answer 6

vector isn’t infected. no multiplication or development.

ex: contamination of food by flies

Question 7

Transovarial transmission examples

Answer 7

La Crosse virus
RMSF
Rift Valley Fever

Question 8

Transovum transmission examples

Answer 8

St. Louis Encaphalitis Virus
Dengue

Question 9

Transstadial transmission example

Answer 9

Lyme

Question 10

Horizontal transmission example (mosq)

Answer 10

WNV

Question 11

3 biological mosquito larvae control types

Answer 11

1. mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)
2. Bacillus thuringensis
3. Entomopathogenic fungi

Question 12

What mosq sp are Gravid Traps best for?

Answer 12

Culex spp

Question 13

What mosq sp are BG light traps best for?

Answer 13

mosq that primarily feed on humans

e.g. Aedes albopictus

Question 14

Diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti

Answer 14

CHIK, DEN, ZIKA, YF

Question 15

Diseases transmitted by Aedes albopictus

Answer 15

CHIK, DEN, dirofilaria

Question 16

Diseases transmitted by Aedes triseriatus

Answer 16

LACV

Question 17

Diseases transmitted by Anopheles spp

Answer 17

Malaria, Filariasis

Question 18

Diseases transmitted by Culex spp

Answer 18

WNV, SLE, JE, some alphaviruses (EEE/WEE/VEE/)

Question 19

Typical DEET concentrations in products

Answer 19

4-100%; CDC says no additional benefit after 50%

Question 20

Typical permethrin concentrations in products

Answer 20

0.5%

Question 21

Example of a one-host tick and what disease does it vector?

Answer 21

Rhipicephalus annulatus

Babesiosis

Question 22

Example of a two-host tick and what disease does it vector?

Answer 22

Hyalomma marginatum

Crimean-Congo hemmorrhagic fever

Question 23

Diseases that Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) transmits

Answer 23

Bartonella
Flea-borne (murine) typhus
Tapeworms

Question 24

Disease that Oropsylla montana (ground squirrel flea) transmits

Answer 24

Plague

Question 25

Disease that Xenopsylla cheopis (oriental rat flea...) transmits

Answer 25

Plague (globally, not really in US)

Question 26

example of disinfectant co-regulated by FDA and EPA

Answer 26

Chlorhexidine

Question 27

What water hardness level will neutralize detergents?

Answer 27

>85 ppm

Question 28

Liquid manure solids content (%)

Answer 28

<= 10% solids content

Question 29

Most dangerous gas that can build up in swine manure pits

Answer 29

Hydrogen sulfide

Question 30

Semisolid manure solids content (%)

Answer 30

10-20% solids content

Question 31

Solid manure solids content (%)

Answer 31

20-25% + solids content

Question 32

Fungal sources of Aflatoxins

Answer 32

Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus

Question 33

Fungal sources of Ochratoxin A

Answer 33

Aspergillus and Penicillium

Question 34

Fungal sources of Patulin

Answer 34

Penicillium, Aspergillus, & Byssochlamys

Question 35

Fungal sources of Fumonisins

Answer 35

Fusarium verticillioides and proliferatum

Question 36

Fungal sources of Deoxynivalenol

Answer 36

Fusarium roseum

Question 37

What law/reg established NIMS?

Answer 37

Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (2003)

Question 38

What are the 4 Section Chiefs in ICS?

Answer 38

Operations Logistics Planning Finance

Question 39

What law established NAHLN?

Answer 39

Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act (2002)

Question 40

What did HSPD-5 do?

Answer 40

Established NIMS & NRF

Question 41

What did HSPD-7 do?

Answer 41

Established that Agriculture is critical infrastructure

Question 42

What did HSPD-9 do?

Answer 42

"Defense of United States Agriculture and Food" Established National Veterinary Stockpile

Question 43

What are ESFs part of?

Answer 43

National Response Framework (NRF)

Question 44

Which ESF is Agriculture-Related

Answer 44

ESF 11

Question 45

What is ESF 10 regarding?

Answer 45

Hazardous materials

Question 46

Who is primary agency for ESF 11?

Answer 46

USDA w/Dept of Interior

Question 47

Who is primary agency for ESF 10?

Answer 47

EPA w/DHS, US Coast Guard