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Environmental Laws And Ethics Lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of risk communication?

A

Precaution advocacy, outrage management, crisis communication

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2
Q

What is precaution advocacy?

A

Alerting insufficiently upset people to serious risks

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3
Q

What is outrage management?

A

Reassuring excessively upset people about small risks

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4
Q

What is crisis communication?

A

Helping appropriately upset people cope with serious risk

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5
Q

What happened within the us in the 17th and 18th centuries?

A

Dominated by a “frontier attitude”

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6
Q

What seemed inexhaustible in the 17th and 18th century?

A

Natural resources (land, timber, soil, water)

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7
Q

Where was there widespread deforestation in the 17th and 18th century?

A

Northeast and Midwest

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8
Q

When was the establishment of Jamestown, va?

A

1607 before frontier attitude that lasted nearly 250 years

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9
Q

What are virgin forests?

A

Old -growth or primary forest

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10
Q

Who voiced concerns about depletion of natural resources in 19th century?

A

US nationalists: JJ Audubon, hd Thoreau, gp marsh

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11
Q

Who was John James Audubon?

A

Painted nature, which increased interest in environment

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12
Q

Who was HD Thoreau?

A

Naturalist author on simplifying life (Walden pond)

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13
Q

Who was GP Marsh?

A

Author of Man and nature; humans as agents of environmental change

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14
Q

What was a watershed moment in our environmental history?

A

Passage of the General revision Act (1891)

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15
Q

What was the General revision Act?

A

Provided POTUS authority to establish forest reserves on federally owned land

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16
Q

Who was involved with the revision Act?

A

Presidents Harrison, Cleveland, and Roosevelt

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17
Q

What did Harrison, Cleveland, and Roosevelt do?

A

Removed 43 million acres (mainly in West) of forest from logging

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18
Q

What did president Roosevelt do?

A

Designated 21 new national forests totaling 16 million acres

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19
Q

When was the American Association formed?

A

1875

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20
Q

When were Yosemite and sequoia National parks established?

A

1890

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21
Q

When was the General revision Act passed?

A

1891

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22
Q

What is a utilitarian conservationist?

A

Value natural resources for their usefulness

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23
Q

Who was a utilitarian conservationist?

Study These Flashcards
A

Theodore Roosevelt

24
Q

What is a biocentric preservationist?

Study These Flashcards
A

Protect nature because all life deserves respect

25
Who was a biocentric preservationist?
John Muir (founded Sierra Club and fought for National parks)
26
What is the antiquities Act (1906)?
Allows president to set aside sites of scientific or historical importance
27
What is the American Dust Bowl (1930s)?
Man-made, natural disaster due to extensive plowing and severe drought in the Great Plains
28
What resulted from the American dust bowl?
Raised awareness about the need for soil conservation
29
Who created the soil conservation Service (1935)?
President Franklin Roosevelt
30
Who raised awareness about environmental issues in the 20th century?
Aldo leopard (wildlife biologist), Wallace Stegner (novelist), Rachel Carson (marine biologist)
31
What did Aldo leopard do?
A sand County almanac (1949); argued for a land ethic and need to conserve wilderness areas
32
What did Wallace Stegner do?
Wilderness essay (1962); help create support for passage of the wilderness Act of 1964
33
What did Rachel Carson do?
Silent Spring; heightened awareness about potential health effects of DDT which initiated the environmental movement in the us
34
When was the U.S. environmental protection Agency established?
December 2,1970
35
Who served as the first EPA administrator?
William D ruckelshaus from Dec. 1970-1973
36
What is the environmental policy Act (nepa) of 1970?
To assure that all branches of government properly consider the environment prior to undertaking any major federal action
37
What is the importance of environmental law?
One of first laws ever written that establishes the broad national framework for protecting our environment
38
What is required for any proposed federal action (e.g. Highway or dam construction)?
Environmental impact statement (EIS)
39
What is the endangered species Act of 1973?
Goal is to conserve/recover listed species and critical habitat
40
Who must federal agencies consult with when any activity may affect listed species or habitat?
USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife Service) or NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Services)
41
What is the Clean Air Act (CAA) 1970?
issue air quality standards
42
What is the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1972?
ensure that a registered pesticide will perform function without unreasonable effects on human health and the environment
43
What is the Clean Water Act (CWA) 1972?
Calls for standards to protect public health and the environment from any reasonably anticipated adverse effects
44
What is Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) 1976?
Make sure that such chemicals and mixtures do not pose an unreasonable threat to health or the environment"
45
What is the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund) 1980?
response to releases of hazardous substances should be based on risk to public health or the environment
46
What is 1 major sources of agricultural wastewater?
Agricultural runoff from fields treated with pesticides and fertilizer
47
What is 1 major sources of agricultural wastewater?
Animal feeding operation (AFO) sewage containing pathogens, antimicrobials, and hormones
48
How many superfund sites are currently in the US?
1328 total
49
What is environmental justice ?
Right of every citizen to adequate protection from environmental hazards
50
What is the goal of environmental justice?
To find and adopt equitable solutions that respect all groups of people, including those not born yet
51
What do members of low income and minority communities at the local- to global- level have ?
1. More environmental threats and burdens 2. Less access to environmental amenities 3. Less voice in planning and politics
52
What is environmental ethics?
considers moral basis of environmental responsibility
53
What are the 2 different types of environmental worldviews?
Western worldview and deep ecology world view
54
What is Western Worldview?
Human superiority and dominance over nature
55
What is Deep Ecology Worldview?
All species have an equal worth to humans

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