Environmental Sanitation

Question 1

Water Sanitation
What activities are prohibited near water sources?

Answer 1

Washing and bathing within 25 meters from a drinking water source.

Constructing artesian and deep wells within 25 meters of a pollution source.

Drilling a well within 50 meters of a cemetery.

Question 2

Water Sanitation
What are the three types of water analysis to determine potability?

Physical:
Chemical:
Bacteriological:

Answer 2

Physical – Odor, appearance, and taste.

Chemical – Tests for pH, chlorine, and iron.

Bacteriological – Tests for coliforms and other indicator organisms.

Question 3

Water Sanitation
What are the three household water treatment methods?

Answer 3

Boiling

Filtration

Chemical disinfection – Chlorine is commonly used but is ineffective against amoeba.

Question 4

Water Sanitation
What are the steps in public water supply treatment?

Answer 4

Sedimentation

Flocculation/Coagulation (alum)

Aeration (oxygen absorption)

Filtration

Disinfection (chlorination)

Fluoridation (prevents dental caries)

Question 5

Water Sanitation
What are the water supply categories?

Answer 5

Category I – Deep well (individual).

Category II – Communal faucet.

Question 6

Food Safety
What is food safety?

Answer 6

Ensuring food does not cause harm when prepared and consumed.

Question 7

Food Safety
What are the five DOH-recommended food safety practices?

Answer 7

Keep clean.

Separate raw and cooked food.

Cook food thoroughly.

Keep food at safe temperatures.

Use safe water and raw materials.

Question 7

Food Safety
What are the rules of food safety for food establishments?

Answer 7

Must have a sanitary permit from the city or municipality.

Employees must have a health certificate from the city/municipal health officer.

Sanitary officers issue sanitation permits to establishments.

Health certificates are valid for 1 year (or 6 months for contractual workers under ENDO).

People with communicable diseases (boils, infected wounds, respiratory infections, diarrhea, GI upset) cannot handle food.

Question 8

Food Safety - bactericidal treatments for utensils
Hot water immersion, what should be the temperature and what time?

Answer 8

(77°C for at least 30 seconds).

Question 9

Food Safety - bactericidal treatments for utensils
Lukewarm chlorine solution, what should be the temperature and what time?

Answer 9

(55-100 ppm for 1 minute)

Question 10

Food Safety - bactericidal treatments for utensils
Steam exposure, what should be the temperature and what time?

Answer 10

(15 minutes at 77°C or 5 minutes at 200°C).

Question 11

Waste Management - types of solid waste
All solid and semi-solid waste except human excreta.

Answer 11

Refuse

Question 12

Waste Management - types of solid waste
Biodegradable waste.

Answer 12

Garbage

Question 13

Waste Management - types of solid waste
Non-biodegradable waste.

Answer 13

Rubbish/Trash

Question 14

Waste Management
What are the prohibited acts under solid waste management?

Answer 14

Open burning of solid waste.

Open dumping of waste.

Burying waste in flood-prone areas.

Squatting in landfills.

Operating landfills near aquifers or groundwater reservoirs.

Question 15

Waste Management - color codes for waste management
Non-biodegradable

Answer 15

Black

Question 16

Waste Management - color codes for waste management
Biodegradable

Answer 16

Green

Question 17

Waste Management - color codes for waste management
Infectious and pathological waste

Answer 17

Yellow

Question 18

Waste Management - color codes for waste management
Radioactive waste

Answer 18

Orange

Question 19

Waste Management
Sharps and pressurized containers

Answer 19

Red

Question 20

Waste Management - acceptable methods of refuse disposal

Answer 20

Composting

Recycling

Sanitary landfill

Question 21

Waste Management - acceptable methods of refuse disposal
(factory-returnable items)

Answer 21

Recycling

Question 22

Waste Management - acceptable methods of refuse disposal
Uses plastic lining to prevent seepage and water contamination.

Answer 22

Sanitary landfill

Question 23

Waste Management - What waste disposal methods are NOT acceptable?

Answer 23

Incineration

Open dumping

Question 24

Waste Management - What waste disposal methods are NOT acceptable? Banned under RA 8749 (Clean Air Act).

Answer 24

Incineration

Question 25

Excreta Disposal Facilities What are the criteria for an acceptable toilet facility?

Answer 25

Sanitary. Simple, cheap, and easy to construct. Easy to maintain. Provides adequate protection and privacy. Acceptable to users

Question 26

Excreta Disposal Facilities - three levels of toilet facilities Level 1

Answer 26

Non-water carriage (pit latrine, VIP latrine, aqua privy).

Question 27

Excreta Disposal Facilities - three levels of toilet facilities Level 2

Answer 27

Water-sealed (flush type with a septic tank).

Question 28

Excreta Disposal Facilities - three levels of toilet facilities Level 3

Answer 28

Water carriage connected to a sewage treatment plant.