National Immunization Program

Question 1

National Immunization Program
What is immunization?

Answer 1

The process of conferring artificial immunity.

Question 2

What is immunity?

Answer 2

Acquired specific resistance usually attributed to the presence of antibodies.

Question 3

Why is active immunity better than passive immunity?

Answer 3

Because it produces a secondary immune response, leading to the formation of memory cells that act faster, stronger, and last for a lifetime.

Question 4

What is an antitoxin?

Answer 4

A preparation of antibodies that are given instead of the actual virus.

Question 5

What is artificial immunity?

Answer 5

Immunity acquired through immunization or vaccination.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a form of natural immunity?

Answer 6

Vaccination.

Question 7

Which type of natural immunity is passive?

Answer 7

Vertical transmission (mother to baby).

Question 8

What are the two types of artificial immunity?

Answer 8

Active immunity: Toxoids, Vaccines

Passive immunity: Globulins, Antibodies

Question 9

What is vertical immunity?

Answer 9

Immunity passed from mother to baby.

Question 10

Types of Immunity
Active Immunity - Natural

Answer 10

Exposure, Carrier, Sick of the disease

Question 11

Types of Immunity
Active Immunity - Artificial Antigens

Answer 11

Antigens (Attenuated-BCG, OPV, AMV; Killed – DPT, HBV; Weakened toxins - TT)

Question 12

Types of Immunity
Passive Immunity - Natural

Answer 12

Breast milk (IgA), Placenta (IgG)

Question 13

Types of Immunity
Passive Immunity - Artificial Antigens

Answer 13

Gamma globulin (6 months - 1 year), Antitoxin/Antiserum/Serum

Question 14

Expanded Immunization Program
What is the legal basis for the Expanded Immunization Program?

Answer 14

RA 10152 (Previously PD 996, which has been repealed).

Question 15

What is the target population for the Expanded Immunization Program?

Answer 15

Children under 5 years of age.

Question 16

What are the objectives of the Expanded Immunization Program?
To reduce morbidity and mortality rates among infants and children from six childhood immunizable diseases:

Answer 16

Tuberculosis

Poliomyelitis

Diphtheria

Tetanus

Pertussis

Measles

Question 17

What are the principles of the Expanded Immunization Program?

Answer 17

Based on epidemiological situation

A basic health service

Question 18

What are the elements of the Expanded Immunization Program (TICAS)?

Answer 18

Target setting

Information, education, and communication

Cold chain logistic management – Ensures proper storage, transport, and handling of vaccines to maintain potency.

Assessment and evaluation – Monitoring for vaccine side effects and reporting within 24 hours.

Surveillance and research

Question 19

How long can vaccines be stored?
RHU (Rural Health Unit)

Provincial Health Office

Regional Health Office

Answer 19

RHU (Rural Health Unit): 1 month

Provincial Health Office: 1 month

Regional Health Office: 3 months

Question 20

Contraindications for Immunization
Who should NOT receive vaccines?

Answer 20

Individuals with fever above 38°C

Those requiring severe hospitalization

Immunocompromised individuals

Question 21

Contraindications for Immunization
Who should NOT receive vaccines?
Examples of Immunocompromised individuals:

Answer 21

Patients with AIDS/HIV

Those taking steroids

Patients undergoing chemotherapy

Question 22

Immunization Strategies
What are the three main immunization strategies?

Answer 22

Routine immunization

Supplemental immunization activity

Strengthening vaccine-preventable diseases surveillance.

Question 23

Immunization Strategies
What are the three main immunization strategies?
Routine immunization:

Answer 23

– Conducted for infants, children, and women through the Reaching Every Barangay (REB) strategy

Question 24

Immunization Strategies
What are the three main immunization strategies?
Supplemental immunization activity:

Answer 24

Supplemental immunization activity – Example: School-based immunization.

Question 25

Routine Immunization Schedule Administration and Route of BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin)

Answer 25

Administration: At birth Route: Intradermal (ID)

Question 26

Routine Immunization Schedule Administration and Route of Hepatitis B (HBV)

Answer 26

Administration: At birth Route: Intramuscular (IM)

Question 27

Routine Immunization Schedule Administration and Route of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)

Answer 27

Administration: 6, 10, 14 weeks Route: Oral

Question 28

Routine Immunization Schedule Administration and Route of Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)

Answer 28

Administration: 14 weeks Route: Intramuscular (IM)

Question 29

Routine Immunization Schedule Administration and Route of Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)

Answer 29

Administration: 9 months, 12 months Route: Subcutaneous (SQ)

Question 30

What happens if BCG is not given within the first 7 days of life?

Answer 30

If a child is 7 years or older, Pentavalent vaccine can be given instead.

Question 31

What does the Pentavalent Vaccine protect against?

Answer 31

Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus Hepatitis B Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib)

Question 32

Why should the nurse ask about seizures before giving the second dose of Pentavalent Vaccine?

Answer 32

Because pertussis in the Pentavalent vaccine may cause fever-induced seizures in some children.

Question 33

What is the difference between OPV and IPV?

Answer 33

OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) – Administered orally, affects the gastrointestinal tract. IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine) – Given intramuscularly, affects the bloodstream.

Question 34

Which vaccine is given subcutaneously (SQ)?

Answer 34

Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR).

Question 35

What does it mean when a child is "Fully Immunized"?

Answer 35

The child has received all routine immunizations before one year old.

Question 36

What does it mean when a child is "Completely Immunized"?

Answer 36

The child completes immunization after one year of age. Note: These terms are no longer widely used since MMR is given at 9 and 12 months, which goes beyond the "fully immunized before 1 year old" definition.

Question 37

What law mandates Food Fortification in the Philippines?

Answer 37

RA 8976 – Food Fortification Law.

Question 38

What are the priority micronutrients for supplementation? Iron – Iodine – Vitamin A –

Answer 38

Iron – Prevents anemia Iodine – Prevents mental retardation Vitamin A – Prevents night blindness