Envoy Flashcards
(132 cards)
Decode a METAR and TAF
This is one of the first things they ask, know the abbreviations! They look for you to know this. Know Snow “SN” , Rain “RA”, Mist “BR”, Fog “FG” and Maintenance Required “$”. Like this Answer Flag Incorrect Answer (1) They asked me about FZRA on a TAF and If we could land at the airport at a certain time based on the tempo weather.
D-ATIS, what’s D stands for?
Digital
What does the $ sign mean?
At end of weather sequence, $ maintenance required
Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
Formula
C→F
(C*1.8)+32
F→C
(F-32)/1.8
Rule of Thumb
C*2+30=F
F-30/2=C
What are the three types of icing?
Rime, Clear, and mixed is the answer they want but don’t forget Frost.
Structural Ice. Two conditions for formation: 1. Visible moisture (i.e., rain, cloud droplets), and 2. Aircraft surface temperature below freezing.
▷ Clear ice– The most dangerous type. Heavy, hard and difficult to remove. Forms when water drops freeze slowly as a smooth sheet of solid ice. Usually occurs at temperatures close to the freezing point (-10°to 0°C) by large supercooled drops of water ▷ Rime ice – Opaque, white, rough ice formed by small supercooled water drops freezing quickly. Occurs at lower temperatures than clear ice.
▷ Mixed ice – Clear and rime ice formed simultaneously.
■ Instrument ice – Structural ice forming over aircraft instruments and sensors, such as pitot and static.
■ Induction ice – ice reducing the amount of air for the engine intake.
■ Intake ice – Blocks the engine intake.
■ Carburetor ice – May form due to the steep temperature drop in the carburetor Venturi. Typical conditions are outside air temperatures of -7°to 21°C and a high relative humidity (above 80%).
■ Frost – Ice crystals caused by sublimation when both the temperature and the dew point are below freezing.
What are the different types of fog?
Radiation, advection, upslope, evaporation, ice, and frontal fog.
A cloud that begins within 50 ft of the surface. Fog occurs when:
■ The air temperature near the ground reaches its dew point, or
■ when the dew point is raised to the existing temperature by added moisture to the air.
Types of fog
■ Radiation fog – Occurs at calm, clear nights when the ground cools rapidly due to the release of ground radiation.
■ Advection fog – Warm, moist air moves over a cold surface. Winds are required for advection fog to form.
■ Ice fog – Forms when the temperature is much below freezing and water vapor turns directly into ice crystals.
Ice fog is common in the arctic regions, but also occurs in mid-latitudes.
■ Upslope fog – Moist, stable air is forced up a terrain slope and cooled down to its dew point by adiabatic cooling.
■ Steam fog – Cold, dry air moves over warm water. Moisture is added to the airmass and steam fog forms.
What is required for a thunderstorm to form?
- Unstable air 2. Moisture 3. Lifting Action*
- Sufficient water vapor (moisture).
- An unstable temperature lapse rate. Stability is the resistance of the atmosphere to upwards or downwards displacement. An unstable lapse rate allows any air mass displacement to further grow vertically.
- An initial uplifting force (e.g., front passages, orthographic lifting by typography, heating from below, etc.).
- Unstable air 2. Moisture 3. Lifting Action*
What are the stages of a thunderstorm?
cumulus, mature, dissipating
- Cumulus - (3-5 mile height) – The lifting action of the air begins, growth rate may exceed 3000 fpm.
- Mature (5-10 miles height) – Begins when the precipitation starts falling from the cloud base. Updraft at this stage may exceed 6000 fpm. Downdrafts may exceed 2500 fpm. All thunderstorm hazards are at their greatest intensity at the mature stage.
- Dissipating (5-7 miles height) – Characterized by strong downdrafts and the cell dying rapidly.
Current Aircraft Systems
Engine
Engine
The Archer is equipped with a Lycoming, 4-cylinder, O-360 (opposed, 360 cubic inch) engine rated at 180 horsepower at 2700 RPM. The engine is direct drive (crankshaft connected directly to the propeller), horizontally opposed (pistons oppose each other), piston driven, carbureted and normally aspirated (no turbo or supercharging). Engine ignition is provided through the use of two enginedriven magnetos, which are independent of the aircraft’s electrical system and each other. Each magneto powers one spark plug per cylinder (for redundancy and more complete combustion), for a total of 8 spark plugs.
Lycoming
Horizontally Opposed
Air Cooled
Normally Aspirated
Direct Drive
Current Aircraft Systems
Landing Gear
Landing Gear
The landing gear is a fixed, tricycle-type gear, with oleo (air/oil) struts providing shock absorption for all three wheels. The nose wheel contains a shimmy dampener, which damps nose wheel vibrations during ground operations and centers the nose wheel in the air. The nose wheel is linked to the rudder pedals by a steering mechanism which turns the nosewheel up to 20° each side of center.
What is a critical engine?
The engine that when failed, most adversely affects the airplane.
The critical engine is the engine that, when it fails, most adversely affects the performance and handling qualities of the airplane.
What is V1?
The speed where you decide if the flight is to continue if there’s an engine failure. -basically, if you got an engine failure before hitting v1 you can abort T/O - and if you have an engine failure after hitting V1 you have to takeoff.
V1 means the maximum speed in the takeoff at which the pilot must take the first action (e.g., apply brakes, reduce thrust, deploy speed brakes) to stop the airplane within the accelerate-stop distance. V1 also means the minimum speed in the takeoff, following a failure of the critical engine at VEF, at which the pilot can continue the takeoff and achieve the required height above the takeoff surface within the takeoff distance.
What Is “Accelerate-Stop Distance”
includes the total distance to accelerate from a standing start, lose the critical engine just before V1, recognize the engine failure as you hit V1, and stop the airplane using idle thrust, brakes and spoilers.
the distance required to accelerate to V1 with all engines at takeoff power, experience an engine failure at V1, and abort the takeoff and bring the airplane to a stop using only braking action without the use of reverse thrust
“accelerate-go distance”
is the total distance it will take you to start your takeoff roll, lose an engine, continue the takeoff, and reach 35 feet at V2. V2 is your takeoff safety speed - the speed you’ll initially climb at after an engine failure.
includes the total distance to accelerate from a standing start, lose the critical engine just before V1, recognize the failure as you reach V1, and continue the takeoff to cross 35 feet at your takeoff safety speed (V2).
Balanced Field Length
V1 usually “balances the field.” V1 identifies an engine failure speed where the distance to abort and the distance to continue the takeoff are the same. That’s called a “balanced field.”
How do the flaps work on your current aircraft and how many degrees?
Flaps
The Archer is equipped with a manual flap system. The flaps are extended with a lever located between the two pilot seats. Flap settings are 0°, 10°, 25°, and 40°, and are spring-loaded to return to the 0 ° position.
Plain?
Define Altitudes of Class B airspace.
Class B airspace Altitude varies from one airport to another
Careful, DFW goes to 11 / ATL 12.5 / MIA 7
Individually Tailored
What are the dimensions of class D airspace?
Generally, that airspace from the surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower. The configuration of each Class D airspace area is individually tailored and when instrument procedures are published, the airspace will normally be designed to contain the procedures.
What are the dimensions of C?
5 NM radius core extends SFC-4,000AGL 10NM radius shelf extends 1,200-4,000AGL
What are the cloud clearances in D, B airspace?
D 3 - 152, B 3- COC
What is the speed limit below 10,000’
250
What is the speed restriction in class b and d airspace?
Within 4NM of the primary airport of a class C or D airport, the speed limit is 200KIAS. There is NO speed restriction inside class B airspace, the only limitation is the 250KIAS restriction below 10,000MSL. At airports where the class B goes above 10,000, there is no speed restriction above 10,000 within the class B. Reference FAR 91.117
Speed restriction within class c and b airspace.
250 kts max class B and below 10,000 MSL. 200 kts max in a VFR corridor through class B and below it’s lateral limits. 200 kts in class C and D within 4NM when below 2,500 AGL.
Airspace altitudes and airspeed
250 KIAS below 10,000’ MSL. 200 KIAS below corridor of Class B 200 KIAS within 4 NM of Class C or D primary airport and inside.
Above 10000 mach 1





