enzymes Flashcards
what are catalysts
substances that increase rate of chemical reaction and is not changed in the reaction
what are enzymes
biological catalyst that speed up biochemical reaction
how does enzymes help reactions become faster
less energy of activation is needed for chemical reaction to occur. hence it takes less time
what are enzymes made of
protein
how does an enzyme work
when energy of activation is reached, biochemical reaction can happen easily
enzymes help lower activation energy
lower energy of activation is needed for a chemical reaction to occur, the faster the rate
how does a lock and key work
substrate will bind to the active site of an enzyme and form enzyme substrates complex
substrate is changed into products and then it gets released frm the active site, leaving enzyme unchanged
name 9 characteristics of enzymes
not damaged by reaction, only small amount needed, can react in both direction is the reaction, specific, sensitive toward pH and Temperature, can be inhibited, reusable, cofactors are sometimes needed
how does high temperature affect enzymes
enzymes molecules loses its shape , active site is deformed- cannot fit substrate shape -slow or no reaction
how does low temperature affect enzymes
slow reaction - molecules less energy hence lesser collision between enzymes and substrate- less chance of binding at active site
how does pH affect enzymes
ph level will affect the shape of active site
what is the optimum ph for stomach and intestine
2;8
what is the optimum pH for amylase, protease and lipase
7-8;1-2;8-9
how does enzyme help in germination of seeds
seed stored cotyledons
when seed absorb water, amylase is activated and breakdown starch into maltose
maltose is soluble and can form energy? energy used by embryo is seed to start germination
how does enzyme work in biological washing powder
contains protease and lipase
remove protein stains and fat stains
breakdown stains and forms water soluble products that can be washed away
advantages and disadvantages of biological washing powder
remove stains at low temp, saves energy instead of boiling water
works only at optimum temp and enzymes will denature at high temp
