excretion

Question 1

define excretion

Answer 1

removal of substances in excess, toxic waste and waste from metabolism and

Question 2

explain the differences between excretion and defecation

Answer 2

defecation is undigested material that has passed though gut and is not a waste product form metabolic reaction

Question 3

which organ removed urea?

Answer 3

kidney

Question 4

name substances that need to be removed

Answer 4

co2
nitrogenous waste 
used hormones 
excess substance like water and ions 
toxins

Question 5

what does liver remove

Answer 5

bile pigments from breakdown of haemoglobin

Question 6

define deamination

Answer 6

removal of nitrogenous containing part of amino acid to form urea

Question 7

describe the process of deamination

Answer 7

1. enzyme breaks down protein into amino acid
2. amino acid is absorbed into blood, and the hepatic portal vein takes the amino acid to the liver
3. in the liver, excess amino acid is split
4. energy containing part of amino acid gets turned into carbohydrates and stored while nitrogen is turned into urea

Question 8

name the function of the liver

Answer 8

makes bile
converts excess urea and carbohydrates 
controls amount of glucose in the blood 
breakdown old RBC storing iron and excreting remains of haemoglobin as bile pigments 
break down harmful substances

Question 9

what is the function of urea

Answer 9

excretes urea and other metabolic waste
maintain water balance
regulate mineral ions of body fluid
regulate pH of body fluid

Question 10

draw a kidney and label it

Answer 10

cortex 
medulla 
pelvis 
ureter
bladder 
urethra

Question 11

what is the function of nephron

Answer 11

filters wasted fro, blood and regulates water and mineral salt content in blood

Question 12

what is the function of convoluted tubules

Answer 12

reabsorption of useful substances

Question 13

what is the function of glomerulus

Answer 13

filtration

Question 14

draw a nephron

Answer 14

bowmans capsule & glomerulus 
proximal convoluted tubule 
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule 
collecting duct

Question 15

explain the process of ultrafiltration

Answer 15

1. blood is moved from renal arteriole into glomerulus
2. high hydrostatic pressure forces fluid out of capillaries
3. fluid enters bowman’s capsule

Question 16

what is insude the glomerular filtrate

Answer 16

amino acid 
water
mineral salt 
glucose 
urea

Question 17

name 2 substance that is not in the glomerular filtrate and why

Answer 17

red blood cells and plasma protein bc they are too big

Question 18

why is the blood vessel brining the blood into the glomerulus larger than the capillary taking it away

Answer 18

so blood cannot get away easily

Question 19

where does reabsorption happen?

Answer 19

proximal convoluted tubules
distal convoluted tubule
loop of henle

Question 20

what does each tubule absorb?

Answer 20

PCT: all nutrients and some water and mineral salts

LOH, DCT, CT: water and mineral salts

Question 21

explain secretion

Answer 21

happens at DCT via active transport
substances secreted is urea, toxins, drugs and excess mineral salts
urine is fromed at collecting tube and sent to bladder to be stored

Question 22

what controls the release of urine

Answer 22

sphincter muscle

Question 23

explain how kidney dialysis works

Answer 23

dialyser is a membrane that allows certain substances to pass through
the dialyser is surrounded by dialysis fluid
as blood goes through, substance in excess will diffuse out

Question 24

what does kidney dialysis do

Answer 24

help maintain salt balance, glucose and water concentration

removes urea and other toxins from blood

Question 25

what is the concentration for urea, glucose water and salts in dialysis fluid

Answer 25

urea- none

the rest: same

Question 26

what is important when doing dialysis

Answer 26

same body temp
composition of dialysis fluid
constantly change dialysis fluid

Question 27

what is immunosuppressants and an disadvantage

Answer 27

drugs used to stop WBC from working to decrease chance of organ rejections
stops immune system from working so person is likely to get sick

Question 28

advantages of kidney transplant

Answer 28

patient can return back to normal lifestyle

dialysis machine can be made available for other ppl

Question 29

disadvantage of kidney transplant

Answer 29

need suitable donor
rick of rejection
expensive