enzymes

Question 1

Enzyme

Answer 1

Large polypeptides with a tertiary or quaternary structure, proteins that act like biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions

Question 2

Substrate

Answer 2

Entered into an active site to produce a product

Question 3

Active site

Answer 3

Area on a molecule where catalytic reaction takes place, results from the folding of the polypeptide chain

Question 4

Product

Answer 4

The result produced from active site

Question 5

Random collison

Answer 5

Occurs during catalytic reaction, aligns the substrate and active site

Question 6

Induced fit

Answer 6

Allows the enzyme to change its shape to accommodate the substrate

Question 7

How does temperature influence rate of activity in enzymes?

Answer 7

If temp. is low, molecules are slower (less collison). If temp. is high, molecules are faster (more collision).

Question 8

How does substrate concentration influence rate of activity in enzymes?

Answer 8

If SC is low, rate of reaction is lower. If SC is high, rate of reaction is higher. If all active sites are occupied, the rate of reaction is not affected.

Question 9

How does pH influence rate of activity in enzymes?

Answer 9

If pH is at optimum, rate of reaction is high. If pH is lower/higher than optimum, rate of reaction is lower. Extreme pH levels cause denaturation.

Question 10

Denaturation

Answer 10

Caused by extreme pH values, heat, and presence of metals. Results in loss of active site because structure is destroyed.

Question 11

Immobilization

Answer 11

Process of attaching an enzyme to a material so its movement is restricted which makes it stable

Question 12

What are the advantages of immobilization?

Answer 12

Faster rate of reactions and allows enzymes to be recycled because of immediate separation

Question 13

How is lactase used in food processing?

Answer 13

Lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose, so lactase is added to lactose-free products.

Question 14

Independent variable

Answer 14

Variable that is changed to test its effect on the dependent variable

Question 15

Dependent variable

Answer 15

Variable that is measured to determine the impact of the independent variable

Question 16

Controlled variable

Answer 16

Variables that are kept constant throughout the experiment

Question 17

Exothermic reaction

Answer 17

Releases energy

Question 18

Endothermic reaction

Answer 18

Absorbs energy

Question 19

Activation energy

Answer 19

Initial energy input required for a reaction to begin (bonds being broken, molecules being reoriented, new bonds forming)

Question 20

Metabolic pathway

Answer 20

Any chain/sequence of linked reactions catalyzed by enzymes.

Question 21

Competitive enzyme inhibitors

Answer 21

Competes with substrate for the same active site

Question 22

Noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors

Answer 22

Binds at a site away from active site which alters the shape of enzyme so its dysfunctional

Question 23

Explain the difference between competitive inhibitor versus noncompetitive inhibitor

Answer 23

Increasing the substrate concentration reduces the effect of competitive inhibitor, but not the noncompetitive inhibitor because it destroys the enzyme’s active site