semester 1 unit 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
characteristics of life (7)
excretion, growth, homeostasis, metabolism, nutrition, reproduction, response
cell theory
the cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are composed of cells, cells come from preexisting cells
how do eukaryotes divide?
through binary fission, mitosis, or meiosis
how do prokaryotes divide?
through binary fission
discrepancy
does not fit the general trend
binary fission
a type of asexual reproduction where offspring arise from a single parent cell and the offspring is genetically identical to the parent cell
process of binary fission
- the parent cell prepares for reproduction 2. prokaryotes replicate DNA before cell division 3. the 2 DNA molecules each attach to a different part of the cell membrane and build more membrane to elongate the cell 4. the cells successfully divide and are genetically identical to the single cell from which they arose
formula for magnification
measured size of the object / actual size of the object
millimeters (mm) can be converted to micrometers (μm) by _?
multiplying by 1000
micrometers (μm) can be converted to millimeters by _?
dividing by 1000
antibiotics
chemicals that can kill bacteria or inhibit bacteria replication
the fleming discovery
mold drifted through the air and stopped the spread of a bacteria that had been growing, afterwards fleming found that the mold contained a self-defense chemical which led to the discovery of penicillin
florey and chain
further research of fleming’s discovery enabled the testing and production of penicillin, they tested the drug on mice before human where they proved it to be effective
growth
an irreversible increase in size
reproduction
producing offspring asexually/sexually
response
reacting to changes in the environment
homeostasis
keeping conditions inside of the cell within tolerable limits
metabolism
anabolism + catabolism, chemical reactions inside the cell
nutrition
obtaining food for energy and growth
prokaryotic cells include…
bacteria and archaea
eukaryotic cells include…
animal, plants, and protists
prokaryotic cells…
smaller, no membrane bound organelles, cell wall in all, DNA in their nucleoid, smaller 70S ribosomes, have cytoplasm
eukaryotic cells…
bigger, membrane bound organelles, cell wall in plants and fungus only, DNA in their nucleus, larger 80S ribosomes, have cytoplasm
light microscopes
magnify images; can view living cells, movement and color; have a larger FOV size; 2,000/1,000X max magnification
