Enzymes

Question 1

catalytic proteins that increase the rate of
biological reactions within the cells of the body.

Answer 1

Enzymes

Question 2

T/F. enzymes lower the activation energy for a chemical reaction

Answer 2

T

Question 3

T/F. More energy is required to convert reactant molecules to products, which increases the rate of a biochemical reaction compared to the rate of an uncatalyzed reaction.

Answer 3

F

Question 4

are proteins capable of catalyzing covalent bond cleavage & formation

Answer 4

Enzymes

Question 5

endow cells with the capacity to exert kinetic control over thermodynamic potentiality

Answer 5

Enzymes

Question 6

are the agents of metabolic function

Answer 6

Enzymes

Question 7

*key attributes of enzymes
- enormous acceleration of rate of chemical transformations

Answer 7

– catalytic power —

Question 8

*key attributes of enzymes
— can selectively bind and process substrates over closely-related molecular species

Answer 8

– specificity

Question 9

— functional in aqueous environments at low
temperatures (as found in cells)

Answer 9

– reactivity conditions

Question 10

– consist only of a polypeptide chain; it is the tertiary protein structure of the simple enzyme that makes it biologically active.

Answer 10

Simple proteins

Question 11

protein portion is inactive without a cofactor; the cofactor is the nonprotein portion of an enzyme, such as a metal ion that is necessary for enzyme activity; if the cofactor is an organic compound, usually a vitamin, it is called a coenzyme.

Answer 11

Conjugated proteins -

Question 12

protein portion of the enzyme, inactive

Answer 12

apoenzyme

Question 13

apoenzyme + cofactor, active enzyme

Answer 13

holoenzyme

Question 14

organic compounds derived from B vitamins (coenzymes) –inorganic metal ions

Answer 14

cofactors

Question 15

An organic molecule bound to the enzyme by weak interactions / Hydrogen bonds

Answer 15

coenzyme

Question 16

important for the chemically reactive
enzymes

Answer 16

Cofactors

Question 17

small organic molecules or Inorganic ions

Answer 17

Cofactors:

Question 18

Transfer of electrons (hydride ions or H atoms)

Answer 18

Oxidoreductase

Question 19

Group transfer reactions

Answer 19

Transferas

Question 20

Reaction where in it transfers functional groups to water

Answer 20

Hydrolases

Question 21

Addition of groups to double bonds, or formation of double bonds by removal of groups

Answer 21

Lyases

Question 22

Transfer of groups within molecules to yield isomeric forms

Answer 22

Isomerases

Question 23

Formation of C-C, C-S, C-O, and C-N bonds by condensation reactions coupled to ATP cleavage

Answer 23

Ligases

Question 24

oxidation of substrate

Answer 24

oxidases

Question 25

reduction of substrate

Answer 25

reductases

Question 26

introduction of a double bond by the removal of hydrogen from substrate

Answer 26

dehydrogenase

Question 27

transfer phosphate group

Answer 27

kinases

Question 28

– transfer amino group

Answer 28

transaminase

Question 29

hydrolysis of peptide linkages in protein

Answer 29

protease

Question 30

hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates

Answer 30

carbohydrase

Question 31

hydrolysis of ester linkages in lipids

Answer 31

lipases

Question 32

hydrolysis of sugar-phosphate ester bonds in nucleic acids

Answer 32

nucleases

Question 33

hydrolysis of phosphate ester bonds

Answer 33

phosphatases

Question 34

removal/addition of water from substrate

Answer 34

dehydratases/hydratase

Question 35

removal of carbon dioxide

Answer 35

decarboxylases

Question 36

removal of ammonia

Answer 36

deaminases

Question 37

conversion of D to L or vice versa

Answer 37

racemases

Question 38

transfer of functional grp w/in a molecule

Answer 38

mutases

Question 39

conversion of a sugar epimer into another

Answer 39

epimerases

Question 40

formation of new bond w/ ATP

Answer 40

synthetases

Question 41

formation of new bond w/ ATP & CO2

Answer 41

carboxylases

Question 42

speeds a reaction by lowering the activation energy, changing the reaction pathway

Answer 42

enzyme

Question 43

Pockets or clefts in the surface of the enzyme

Answer 43

active site

Question 44

The part of the enzyme combining with the substrate

Answer 44

active site

Question 45

The enzyme and substrate are made to fit exactly

Answer 45

Lock and Key Enzyme Model

Question 46

This model fails to take into account protein conformational changes to accommodate a substrate molecule

Answer 46

Lock and Key Enzyme Model

Question 47

enzyme action assumes that the enzyme an active site is more a flexible pocket whose conformation changes to accommodate the substrate molecule

Answer 47

Induced Fit Enzyme Model

Question 48

the ability of an enzyme to bind only one, or a very few, substrates and thus catalyze only a single reaction.

Answer 48

Enzyme specificity

Question 49

catalyze a particular reaction for one particular substrate only and will have no catalytic effect on substrates that are closely related

Answer 49

Absolute Enzyme Specificity

Question 50

the enzyme catalyzes reactions involving any molecules with the same functional group

Answer 50

Group Enzyme Specificity

Question 51

the enzyme catalyzes the formation or breaks up of only certain categories or type of bond

Answer 51

Linkage Enzyme Specificity

Question 52

the enzyme recognizes only one of two enantiomers

Answer 52

Stereochemical:

Question 53

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