Genetics

Question 1

Prokaryotic promoters

Answer 1

-10 sequence (pribnow box) (TATAAT)
-35 sequence (TTGACA)

Question 2

ribosome sites

Answer 2

-A site
-P site
-E site

Question 3

those genes that code for proteins or factors that control the expression of structural genes

Answer 3

regulatory genes

Question 4

basic unit of the gene that extends from the promoter to the terminator sequence.

Answer 4

transcription unit

Question 5

a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA

Answer 5

promoter

Question 6

3 major mRNA processing events

Answer 6

-capping
-tailing
-splicing

Question 7

catalyzes peptide bond formation

Answer 7

peptidyl transferase center

Question 8

kinds of transcriptional termination

Answer 8

-rho-independent termination
-rho-dependent termination

Question 9

DNA template ends in a stretch of AAAAAA

Answer 9

Rho-independent termination

Question 10

Post-translational modification

Answer 10

-phosphorylation
-glycosylation
-ubiquitination
-S-nitrosylation
-methylation
-N-terminal Acetylation
-Lipidation
- protein cleavage

Question 11

process wherein polypeptide chains are synthesized

Answer 11

translation

Question 12

this is done to remove non-protein coding segments

Answer 12

splicing

Question 13

uses mRNA as template which determines the order in which different amino acid residues are to be joined

Answer 13

translation

Question 14

the coding strand

Answer 14

sense strand

Question 15

template strand

Answer 15

anti-sense strand

Question 16

3 adjacent ribonucleotide along the mRNA which correspond to a specific amino acid

Answer 16

codonc

Question 17

addition of a 5’ 7-methylguanosine cap

Answer 17

capping

Question 18

removal of introns

Answer 18

Splicing

Question 19

the correspondence between codons and amino acids

Answer 19

genetic code

Question 21

Eukaryotes Initiation process

Answer 21

transcription factors bind to the promoter first, helping the RNA polymerase to identify the binding site on the DNA.

Question 22

it does not carry the translatable code

Answer 22

anti-sense strand

Question 23

ribosome is composed of

Answer 23

-large subunit
-small subunit

Question 24

protein that physically obstructs the RNA polymerase from transcribing the genes

Answer 24

repressor

Question 25

Terminator sequences/bases

Answer 25

UAG UAA UGA

Question 26

Elongation process

Answer 26

RNA polymerase 'walks' along one strand of DNA. For each nucleotide in the template, RNA polymerase adds a matching RNA nucleotide to the 3' end of the RNA strand.

Question 27

segment of a DNA or RNA molecule which does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes

Answer 27

Introns

Question 28

this is an mRNA processing event that was done to improve translation efficiency and stability

Answer 28

tailing

Question 29

a unit made up of linked genes which is thought to regulate other genes responsible for protein synthesis.

Answer 29

operon

Question 30

Terminator sequence signals RNA polymerase to stop

Answer 30

Termination

Question 31

- a region of the genome that ends up within an mRNA molecule - they contain information for making a protein

Answer 31

exons

Question 32

this is done to stabilize and prevent degradation of mRNA

Answer 32

capping

Question 33

a molecule that starts gene expression; it can bind to both repressors or activators; functions by disabling repressors

Answer 33

inducer

Question 34

P site

Answer 34

Peptidyl tRNA binding site

Question 35

A large RNA-protein complex that catalyzes the removal of introns from nuclear pre-mRNA

Answer 35

spliceosomes

Question 36

E site

Answer 36

exit site

Question 37

a segment of DNA to which a transcription factor protein bind

Answer 37

operator

Question 38

contains the decoding center

Answer 38

small subunit

Question 39

addition of a 3' poly-Atail

Answer 39

tailing

Question 40

a rho-protein is responsible fro transcriptional termination.

Answer 40

Rho-dependent termination

Question 41

narrow channels where the mRNA enters and exits

Answer 41

decoding center

Question 42

is a critical biological process that allows the cell or an organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extra-cellular signals, to define cell identity during development, to maintain it throughout its lifetime, and to coordinate cellular activity.

Answer 42

transcriptional regulation

Question 43

transscription process

Answer 43

-Initiation -Elongation -Termination

Question 44

An RNA molecule in the process of being synthesized or a complete, newly synthesized RNA molecule before any alterations have been made.

Answer 44

Nascent RNA

Question 45

a unit of genetic function common in bacteria and phages; consists of coordinately-regulated clusters of genes with related functions.

Answer 45

Operon

Question 46

contains the peptidyl transferase center

Answer 46

large subunit

Question 47

Prokaryotes initiation process

Answer 47

RNA polymerase to the promoter directly

Question 48

the single-stranded RNA product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and proceed to yield various mature RNA products; mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Answer 48

primary transcript

Question 49

Eukaryotic promoters

Answer 49

- TATA box -CCAAT box -GC box

Question 50

typically function through binding and blocking critical DNA sequences in the gene, such as the promoter where mRNA transcription starts.

Answer 50

repressor

Question 51

a molecule that represses or prevents another molecule from engaging in a reaction.

Answer 51

inhibitor

Question 52

the DNA segment where the repressor molecule binds to the operon model

Answer 52

Operator

Question 53

A site

Answer 53

aminoacyl tRNA binding site

Question 54

the segment within double-stranded DNA that carries the translatable code.

Answer 54

sense strand