enzymes Flashcards
(16 cards)
what is a enzyme
biological catalyst that catalyse metabolic reactions
protein
what do enzymes do
they lower the activation energy by provding an alternate pathway. this speeds up the rate of reaction
what is the lock and key theory
this is when the substrate only fits in the enzyme if its the same shape
what is the induced fit theory
this is when the substrate has to be the same shape as the active site then once in the active site it changes shape slightly to form enzyme-substrate complex
how do the enzymes get their properties
it relates to their tertiary structure. different shaped active site different function.
what are the factors effecting enzymes
temp
enzyme conc
substrate conc
ph
what happens to the enzyme activity if the temp is higher
the enzymes get more kinetic energy so they move faster. so more likely to collide with substrate so rate of reaction increases as more enzyme complex.
what happens if the temp is too high
the enzymes denature and the active site changes shape so nothing can fit in it and rate of reaction decreases
how does ph affect activity
When the pH value deviates from the ideal conditions, the activity of the enzyme slows down and then stops. The enzyme has an active site at the substrate binding site, and the shape of the active site will change with the change of pH value.
how is activity effected by enzyme conc
The higher the enzyme concentration, the more enzymes there are to form enzyme-substrate complexes, leading to an increase in enzyme activity. This happens up to a certain point. Enzyme activity then levels off (plateaus) as there are not enough substrate molecules to react with the extra enzymes.
how is activity effected by substrate conc
an increase in substrate concentration leads to an increase in the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. As the enzyme molecules become saturated with substrate, this increase in reaction rate levels off. The rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases with an increase in the concentration of an enzyme
what is a competitive inhibition
theses bind to the active site of the enzyme and stop any substrates from entering the active site so no substrate enzyme concs can form. rate of reaction can decrease
can you get rid of competitive inhibitors
yes
but not with higher substrate
what is a noncompetitive inhibitors
this is an inhibitor that binds somewhere other then the active site() this changes the shape of the active site so the enzyme can’t bind and make enzyme substrate complex.
can you remove the noncompetitive inhibitors
no
their is no way to change back the shape
what are the ways you can measure ROR
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