enzymes Flashcards
(16 cards)
what type of protein are enzymes and what is the definition of that protein?
globular
metabolic role as they have the ability of protein to form specific 3D shapes crucial for the role as enzymes and antibodies
what is the definition of activation energy?
the lowest amount of energy required for a reaction to occur
what do enzymes do to the energy
lower the activation energy to overcome the energy barrier and enables reactions to take place at rapid necessary rates
describe enzyme action
- Enzymes act on substrates
- Substrate is complimentary to the active site of the enzyme
- they form enzyme substrate complexes
- the enzyme and substrate interact with bonds forming between some of the amino acids from the active site and parts of the substrate molecule
- Bonds form/break between the substrate molecule forming enzyme product complexes
- the product now no longer fits the active site and is released
what is catabolism
breakdown of molecules
what is anabolism
building up of molecules
what does enzyme specificity mean?
That each enzyme is specific to a particular substrate
what is the lock and key model
proposes that the enzyme active site is an exact match to the shape of the substrate IE complimentary shapes
what is the induced fit model
proposes that the enzyme active site is a really close match to the substrate and so it can mould itself around the substrate forming a precise fit
The active site is flexible and as it changes shape to fit the substrate, the enzyme is able to put pressure on the substrate breaking bonds and lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to take place
what is a co factor?
non-protein substance that enzymes require in order to function
give 2 examples of co factors
metal ions that form attachments to the enzyme and change the shape of the active site enabling a reaction to occur
prosthetic groups non protein components
what is a co enzyme?
non protein organic molecule necessary for enzyme action
not permanently attached
important in biochemistry of respiration and photosynthesis
how does an increase in substrate and maintained enzyme concentration affect enzyme activity
if the number of enzymes is kept constant at a fixed rate and concentration of substrate increased then enzyme activity will also increase
due to more substrate to fill available active sites
eventually, the rate will level off as the number of active sites becomes limited
how does a constant level of substrate and an increased number of enzymes affect enzyme activity
as more enzymes are available the enzyme activity will increase until the number of substrate molecules becomes limiting
what adaptations do organisms have and why?
extensive in folding of mitochondrial cristae help increase surface area of inner membrane to increase the number of respiratory enzymes located on the membrane
