Enzymes Flashcards
(21 cards)
Enzymes
A biological catalyst made up of proteins
We can use them over and over again
Catalyst
A chemical that increases the rate of reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction
Active site
The area of an enzyme where a substrate will bind
Substrate
A molecule upon which an enzyme acts
Lock and key
The model used to describe the binding of a specific substrate to a suspific enzymes
Energy requirements:age
Younger people need more protein for growth
Older people tend to be less activate so requires a lower energy intake
Energy requirements: gender
Men generally need a larger mass of energy due to them having a larger mass
Energy requirements: activity level
The mroe active a person is the more energy they require
An athlete will need high proportions of protein for muscles growth and carbohydrates for energy
Energy requirements: pregnancy/breast feeding
During pregnancy females need extra clacium for the bones of the foetus
Extra calcium for the growth of the foetus
More carbohydrates for energy
7 nutrients required for a balanced diet
Protein:meats
Carbohydrates: bread
Lipids:
Vitimans
Minerals
Fiber
Water
Temperature effecting enzymes
Enzymes require an optimum temperature
If it is to high then enzymes will denature causing the active site to change
Ph affecting enzymes
Enzymes require the optimum ph and if its to acidic/alkali it will denature and cause the active site to change shape
Protein
Source: meat,beans, peas
Use in body: growth and repair
Carbohydrates
Source: potato,rice,wheat
Use in body: provides glucose to be used in respiration to realised energy
Lipids
Source: oil,nuts,dairy
Use in body: insulation,energy reserves
Vitiman a
Source: carrots,butter
Use in body: makes chemical in the eye for vision
Vitiman c
source: fruits, veg
Use in body: sticks together cells that line surface
Vitiman d
Source: sunlight,liver oils
Use in body: helps bones absorb calcium
Calcium (mineral)
Source: veg dairy
Use in body: making teeth and bone
Iron(mineral)
Source: spinach,red meat
Use in body: helps make haemogoblin for carrying oxygen
Fiber
Source: fruit, veg
Use in body: to help move food (?) through the body
