Enzymes Flashcards
(28 cards)
What two things impact the rate of enzyme controlled reactions
Temperature
Ph
How does temperature impact the rate of enzyme controlled reactions
Too low - not enough kinetic energy - not enough collisions - no reaction
Optimum - enzyme and substrate colliding, reaction rate max
Too high - active site changes shape (enzyme DENATURED) - enzyme can not break down substrate as they are not COMPLEMENTARY
How does pH impact the rate of enzyme controlled reactions?
Optimum - enzyme and substrate complementary, substrate broken down
Other - Enzyme DENATURED, active site changes shape, enzyme and substrate not COMPLEMENTARY
Optimum temp for digestive enzymes
37.5 C
Body temp
Optimum pH for lipase
Lipase - 6-9 (small intestine slightly alkaline)
Optimum pH amylase
4.5 - 7 (saliva is more acidic)
Optimum pH protease
Pepsin (stomach) 1.5-2 (acid is acidic)
Trypsin (made in pancreas) 7-8 (small intestine alkaline)
What shape is line graph showing the relationship between the rate of reaction and temperature of an enzyme controlled reaction
A curve peaking at the optimum and gradually going down
What shape is line graph showing the relationship between the rate of reaction and pH of an enzyme controlled reaction
A curve peaking at the optimum and rapidly decreasing to 0 for the other pHs where the enzyme is denatured
What chemical elements are present in carbohydrates?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
What are carbohydrates
Sugars
What is the monomer carbohydrate?
Glucose - absorbed straight through
What is an example of a complex sugar and how is it broken down?
Starch - polymer
Large and insoluble broken down into maltose by amylase enzyme and into glucose by Maltase enzyme
Which has more energy glucose or starch
Starch is made up of more molecules
More bonds
More energy released when all bonds broken
What chemicals are proteins made up of
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
NITROGEN
What is the monomer of protein
Amino acids
How many dif types of amino acids are there
20
What happens to amino acids after they are absorbed?
Taken to cells
Built back up into proteins to carry out dif functions by ribosomes
Can amino acids be made
No bar 2
What are lipids
Fats
What chemicals are lipids made up of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Do carbohydrates or lipids have more oxygen
Carbs have more
What two things are lipids made up of?
Glycerol molecules and fatty acid chains
Saturated fat definition
All the bonds in the fatty acid chains are single making them more likely to stick in arteries etc
