enzymes Flashcards

Question

non competitive inhibitor

Answer 1

binds to allosteric site changes shape of active site increasing substrate has no effect on rate of reaction never reaches Vmax

Answer 2

ORGANOPHOSPHATES irreversibly inhibit enzyme acetyl cholinesterase needed for impulse conduction leads to paralysis and death PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR used to treat long term digestion block enzyme that secrete H+ to the stomach

Answer 3

penicillin is an inhibitor of bacterial enzyme that help form cell wall of bacteria

Answer 4

any substance that must be present for enzyme controlled reactions to take place at the appropriate rate

Answer 5

organic small non protein usually vitamins bind loosely to active site co enzyme and charged take part in reaction they are then recycled also take chemical group from one enzyme to another forming a link

Answer 6

can bind with enzyme or substrate ion to enzymes can make ESC form more easily affects charge distribution/ shape of active site

Answer 7

permanent part of enzyme contribute to final 3D shape of enzyme

Answer 8

temperature pH conc of reactants presence of cofactors inhibitors

Answer 9

initial rate increases when enzyme conc increases more active sites available more collisions more ESC formed more products ENZYME CONC IS LIMITING FACTOR some enzyme active sites are empty enzyme working working at Vmax increase in enzyme conc have no effect SUBSTRATE CONC HAS NO EFFECT

Answer 10

initial rate increases when substrate conc increases more collisions per second more ESC formed more products SUBSTRATE CONC IS LIMITING FACTOR all active site occupied enzymes work at Vmax an increase in substrate has no effect ENZYME BECOMES THE LIMITING FACTOR

Answer 11

METHOD 1 mass or volume/time = rate of reaction 1/time = rate of reaction

Answer 12

measure of how much rate of reaction increases with a 10C increase Q10 = rate at 10C/ initial rate enzyme controlled reaction Q10=2

Answer 13

many enzymes formed in inactive form important for enzymes that could do damage to cells often need to undergo a change in 3D shape before cofactor added - apoenzyme after cofactor added - holoenzyme

Answer 14

sometimes achieved by action of another enzyme sometimes a changed in conditions such as pH/temp activates precursor by changing 3D structure these types of precursor called zymogens or pro enzymes

Answer 15

used to control rate of reaction in cells ONLY WORKS WITH COMPETETIVE INHIBITORS final product inhibits the initial substrate further production of end product prevented in a process called end product inhibition of feedback inhibition

Answer 16

simple representation of a process understand how process works visual representations of a process

Answer 17

x ray crystallography more closely fits induced fit model explains how enzymes lower the activation energy puts stress on molecules in substrate less energy to break

Answer 18

active site is fully formed + rigid fully complementary to substrate doesnt explain the reduction of activation energy doesnt explain changing shape of enzyme

Answer 19

disease caused by lack of vitamin B3 causes inflamed skin dementia diarrhoea sore in mouth

Answer 20

active site is not fully complementary to the shape of the substrate active site has charged amino acids opposite to those of the substrate substrate randomly collides with active site enzyme changes shape active site becomes complementary to the substrate forms an enzyme-substrate complex active site fits more closely around substrate charges holds substrate in place change in enzyme active site puts strain on substrate destabilises bonds in substrate lowering activation energy produces enzyme product complex products formed are a different shape to substrate no longer complementary to the active site and leave it

enzymes Flashcards

(44 cards)