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Biochem Block 1 > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

catalyze oxidation reduction reactions

A

Oxidoreductase

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2
Q

What are some examples of Oxioreductases?

A

dehydrogenases

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3
Q

catalyze transfer of some groups from one substrate to other

A

Transferases

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4
Q

What are some examples of transferases?

A

Kinases

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5
Q

catalyze hydrolysis reactions by adding H2O

A

Hydrolases

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6
Q

What are some examples of Hydolases?

A

Gastrointestinal digestive enzymes

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7
Q

catalyze the breakdown of compound without adding H2O

A

Lysases

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8
Q

catalyze isomerization reactions

A

Isomerases

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9
Q

What are some examples of isomerases?

A

Recemase or mutase

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10
Q

catalyze ligation reaction

A

Ligases

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11
Q

What are the ABCs that ligases need?

A

ATP, Biotin, CO2

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12
Q

What is ∆G <0?

A

Thermodynamically spontaneous (energy released, often irreversible)

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13
Q

What is ∆G >0?

A

thermodynamically non-spontaneous (energy required)

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14
Q

What is ∆G =0?

A

reaction at equilibrium (freely reversible)

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15
Q

What are three important factors that affect enzyme activity?

A
  • substrate concentration
  • temperature
  • pH
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16
Q

What are 4 other factors that affect enzyme activity?

A
  • Enzyme concentration itself
  • product concentration
  • presence of activators or inhibitors
  • availability of coenzymes
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17
Q

What is the Michaelis-Menten equation?

A

V1= Vmax[S]/{Km +[S]}

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18
Q

What does a small/low Km represent?

A

high affinity of the enzyme

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19
Q

What are the classes of enzymes? (Think Over the HILL)

A 
Oxidorreductase
Transferases
Hydrolass
Isomerase
Lysases
Ligases
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20
Q

What is seen in the competitive inhibition graph?

A

they cross; no change in vmax, km increases

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21
Q

What is seen in the non-competitive inhibition graph?

A

they don’t cross; no change in km, vmax decreases

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22
Q

What is the Lineweaver-Burk equation?

A

1/v = [(km1/vmaxs)+ (1/vmax)]

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23
Q

What is the km for hexokinase?

A

.05mM

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24
Q

What is the km for glucokinase?

A

5mM

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25
What do Statin drugs inhibit?
HMG-CoA reductase
26
Negative allosteric effectors cause what shift in the reaction curve?
Right
27
Enzymes following michaelis menten kinetics show what curve?
Hyperbolic
28
Allosteric Enzymes show what curve?
Sigmoid
29
What are the positive allosteric effectors of PfK-1 which shift the curve to the left?
AMP and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
30
What are the negative allosteric effectors of PfK-1 which shift the curve to the right?
ATP and citrate
31
What is the subunit composition of LDH1?
HHHH
32
What is the subunit composition of LDH2?
HHHM
33
What is the subunit composition of LDH3?
HHMM
34
What is the subunit composition of LDH4?
HMMM
35
What is the subunit composition of LDH5?
MMMM
36
Where is LDH1 located?
Heart, RBC
37
What is the importance of LDH1?
MI
38
Where is LDH2 located?
Heart, RBC, kidney
39
What is the importance of LDH2?
Megaloblastic anemia
40
Where is LDH3 located?
Brain, kidney, WBC
41
What is the importance of LDH3?
Leukemia, malignancy
42
Where is LDH4 located?
Lung, muscle
43
What is the importance of LDH4?
Pulmonary infarction
44
Where is LDH5 located?
Liver, muscle
45
What is the importance of LDH5?
Liver disease, muscle injury
46
What is the subunit composition of CK1?
BB
47
What is the subunit composition of CK2?
MB
48
What is the subunit composition of CK3?
MM
49
Where is CK1 located?
Brain
50
Where is CK2 located?
Heart
51
Where is CK3 located?
Skeletal Muscle
52
What is the importance of CK1?
no clinical significance
53
What is the importance of CK2?
MI
54
What is the importance of CK3?
Muscular dystrophy
55
Which type of CK is the most abundant?
CK3
56
Which type of LDH is most abundant?
LDH2
57
When do CK-MB levels appear in plasma with MI?
3-6 hours following chest pain
58
When do CK-MB levels reach its peak of activity during an MI?
12-24 hours
59
When do Ck-MB levels return to baseline during an MI?
48-72 hours
60
When do LDH1 levels appear in plasma with MI?
48 hours following chest pain
61
When do LDH1 levels reach its peak of activity during an MI?
72-96 hours
62
When do LDH1 levels return to baseline during an MI?
10 days
63
When do cTI levels appear in plasma with MI?
4-8 hours following chest pain
64
When do cTI levels reach its peak of activity during an MI?
12-24 hours
65
When do cTI levels return to baseline during an MI?
7-10 days
66
Which test is this? appears in plasma 3-6 hours following chest pain, reach its peak of activity at 12-24 hours, and return to baseline at 48-72 hours
CK-MB
67
Which test is this? appears in plasma 48 hours following chest pain, reach its peak of activity at 72-96 hours, and return to baseline at 10 days
LDH1
68
Which test is this? appears in plasma 4-8 hours following chest pain, reach its peak of activity at 12-24 hours, and return to baseline at 7-10 days
cardiac troponin (cTI)

Biochem Block 1 (10 decks)

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