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Pass Program > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

what binds to the active site of an enzyme

A

substrate ( competitive inhibitor)

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2
Q

what binds to the regulatory site of an enzyme

A

allosteric activator/inhibitor ( non competitive inhibitor)

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3
Q

Km = ?

A

1/affinity or 1/potency

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4
Q

Vmax is the same as ?

A

efficacy

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5
Q

what situation will you see Km increasing and Vmax staying the same

A

competitive inhibition

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6
Q

when do you see Km staying the same and Vmax decreasing

A

non competitive inhibition

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7
Q

phenoxybenzamine is a drug for what

A

pheochromocytoma

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8
Q

what are the most stable bonds in the body

A

carbon-carbon bonds

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9
Q

what happens to vmax as temperature rises

A

it rises at first until it gets to 42 degrees celsius then it starts to decrease due to the denaturation of the protein

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10
Q

what is the best way to cool someone off to avoid heat stroke

A

vaporized cool water

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11
Q

what is it called when an agent reduces another one and in turn becomes oxidized

A

reducing agent ( negative delta E)

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12
Q

what is it called when there is an agent that oxidizes another but gets reduced in return because it accepts electrons?

A

oxidizing agent ( positive delta E)

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13
Q

what is another name for complex 4

A

cytochrome oxidase

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14
Q

what is another name for co enzyme Q

A

ubiquinone

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15
Q

what does complex 4 need to work

A

heme,copper and O2

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16
Q

what complex is responsible for generating ATP and is called “ATP Synthetase”

A

complex 5

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17
Q

what inhibits coenzyme Q

A

statin durgs

18
Q

ETC produces how many NADH ATP and FADH2 ATP

A

2.5 and 1.5

19
Q 
name the inhibitors for the following complexes:
complex 1
complex2
complex 3
complex  4
complex 5
A
  1. Amytal and Rotenone
  2. Malonate
  3. Antimycin
  4. Co, CN, Chloramphenicol
  5. Oliomycin
20
Q

how to treat CO posing

A

give O2

21
Q

what bacteria does chloramphenicol cover

A
  1. all gram positive even S. Aureus
  2. simple gram neg ( E. Coli, H. Flue, and Proteus)
  3. Rickettsia
22
Q

bad side affect of chloramphenicol

A

aplastic anemia (grey abby syndrome)

23
Q

name the three uncouplers

A

DNP (Dinitrophenol) pesticide
Aspirin
Free Fatty Acids

24
Q

microsteatosis is seen in what three situations ( denaturation of liver)

A

Reyes Syndrome
Pregnancy
Tylenol (acetaminophen) poisin

25
Q

macrosteatosis is seen in what two situations

A

alcohol

obesity

26
Q

what levels do you watch in reyes syndrome

A

ammonium

27
Q

acetaminophen destroys what in the liver

A

sulfur groups and uncouples it

28
Q

what phosphorylates a substrate by using ATP and magnesium

A

kinase

29
Q

what phsophroylates a substrate with free phosphate (Pi)

A

phosphorylase

30
Q

what create and isomer from the substrate ( same chemical makeup but different structure)

A

isomerase

31
Q

what create and epimer from the substrate ( same chemical makeup and structure but different around one chiral carbon)

A

epimerase

32
Q

what moves a side chain from one carbon to another carbon

A

mutase

33
Q

what transfers a side chain from one substrate to another

A

transferase

34
Q

what is involved in amino acid metabolism and use B6 as a cofactor

A

transaminases

35
Q

what cuts carbon carbon bonds

A

lyase

36
Q

what uses carbon dioxide to create a carbon carbon bond and needs biotin as a cofactor

A

carboxylase

37
Q

what stacks substrates without breaking bonds and doesn’t use ATP

A

synthase

38
Q

what stacks substrates without breaking bond but uses ATP

A

synthetase

39
Q

what causes a loss of hydrogen

A

dehydrogenase

40
Q

what uses water to break a bond

A

hydrolase “-ase”

41
Q

what is always added onto a word when a sulfur bond is broken

A

thio

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