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Pass Program > Protein Structure and Function > Flashcards

Protein Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

HB Type A

A

2 alpha and 2 beta chains

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2
Q

HB type A2

A

2 alpha and 2 delta chains

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3
Q

HB type F

A

two alpha and 2 gamma chains

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4
Q

HBf disappears by when

A

6 months

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5
Q

what weakens HBg grabs on O2

A

2,3 DPG

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6
Q

what drug wipeout the bone marrow and is used to treat Sickle Cell Anemia

A

hydroxyurea

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7
Q

pulse oximetry measures what

A

Sa02

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8
Q

ABG measures what

A

P02

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9
Q

when PaO2 is 60, saturation is

A

90%

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10
Q

when a muscle degenerates and creatine (CPK) leaks out what is it called?

A

myositis or polymiositis

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11
Q

common causes of myositis

A

hypothyroidism

Cushings

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12
Q

drugs that cause myositis

A

statins
steroids
rifampin
INH

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13
Q

infection that causes myositis

A

Trichenella Spiralis (raw bear ingestion)

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14
Q

when are blood cells made in the following?

  • yolk sac
  • liver, spleen, flat bone
  • long bones
A

4 moths
6 months gestation
8 months gestation

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15
Q

if you lose long bones what organ can reopen to make RBC

A

the spleen

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16
Q

when a baby is hypoxic due to delivery and the blood increases and the spleen has to remove the excess blood cells and jaundice occurs, what is the condition called

A

polycythemia vera

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17
Q

starting substrate in heme pathway

A

succinyl-Coa

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18
Q

rate limiting enzyme in heme synthesis

A

delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase

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19
Q

last enzyme in Heme synthesis that adds iron to porphyrin rings

A

ferrochetolase

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20
Q

vitamin needed for heme synthesis

A

b6

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21
Q

AA needed for heme synthesis

A

glycine

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22
Q

anabolic things (synthesis) happened where

A

cytoplasm

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23
Q

catabolic things (breakdown) happen where

A

mitochondria

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24
Q

what buffer the hemoglobin from protons

A

histadine

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25
Q

decreased 02 saturation and normal pop is a marker for what two things

A

cyanide poisoning and methemoglobinemia

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26
Q

configurational change in HBg so that it cannot effectively bind to oxygen is seen in what condition t

A

cyanide posioing

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27
Q

tx for methemoglobinemia

A

methylene blue ( turns Fe3+ into FE2+)

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28
Q

drugs that cause metHBg

A

sulfa drugs
INH
metronidazole
anti-malarias

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29
Q

MCC of cyanide positing

A

sodium nitroprusside ( used for HTN crisis)

30
Q

4 tx steps for cyanide poisoning

A
  • give amyl nitrate (turns iron into Fe3+)
  • give sodium thiosulfate (attaches to cyanide and pee out thiocyanate)
  • give B12
  • methylene blue
  • transfuse
31
Q

5 pathways that occur in both compartments

A 
heme
urea
gluconeogenesis 
FA synthesis
pyrimidine syhtnesis
32
Q

good source of iron is where

A

MEAT

33
Q

> 40 age cause of anemia

A

mucosal bleeding

34
Q

20-40 age for anemia

A

IBD

35
Q

drug given for iron deficiency anemia

A

ferrous sulphate

36
Q

ferritin is stored in ?

A

mucosal cells

37
Q

acute phase reactant that inhibits transferrin from binding to iron

A

hepcidin

38
Q

low TIBC

A

chronic disease iron deficiency anemia

39
Q

high TIBC

A

iron deficiency anemia (intake)

40
Q

lead inhibits what two enzymes in the Heme synthesis pathway

A

delta ALA dehydrates and ferrochetolase

41
Q

why is basophilic stippling seen in lead poisoning

A

because of the porphyrin rings sticking to the blood vessels

42
Q

what is it called when you cannot add iron to the porphyrin rings

A

lead poising

43
Q

what test will be elevated in lead poisoning

A

Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrins

44
Q

oral drug used to treat lead poisoning if the level is around 10

A

Succimer

45
Q

normal level of lead in body

A
46
Q

what challenge can be done for patients with lead posing over 30 that will administer calcium and get ride of everything 2+ (aka chelator) so it will get rid of lead (pb2+)

A

CA-EDTA

47
Q

what drug pulls lead out of plasma?

A

penecillamine

48
Q

what drug pulls lead out of the bone marrow

A

dimercaprol (BAL)

49
Q

6 drugs that cause Drug Induced Lupus

A 
Hydrazine
INH
Procainamide
Phenytoin
Penicilamine
Ethusuximide
50
Q

red urine with a negative reading of RBC in dipstick is a sign of what in the system

A

excess porphyrin rings (porphyria)

51
Q

autosomal dominant condition where the visceral organs and the neurons are crowded with porphyrin rings presenting with severe abdominal pain and nerupoathy?

A

Acute Intermittent Porphyria

52
Q

4 things to administer to people with Acute Intermittent Porphyria

A
  • opiate for pain
  • glucose to conjugate the bilirubin
  • give isotonic fluids to flush porphyrins out
53
Q

what is the drug given to people with Acute Intermittent Porphyria that blocks the enzyme delta ala synthetase so porphyrin isn’t made

A

Hemantin

54
Q

condition where skin burns in contact with the sun and the child burns due to porphyrin in skin

A

Erythrocytic Protoporphyria

55
Q

Erythrocytic Protoporphyria commonly die form what

A

skin infections with S. Aureus

56
Q

pinpoint pupils are a key indication of

A

opitate use

57
Q

3 main actions of opiates

A

CNS depressant
muscle relaxent ( smooth muscle)
analgesic

58
Q

what is stimulated by opiates that causes the pinpoint pupils

A

Edinger-Westphal nucleus CN 3

59
Q

receptors for opiates

A

Mu-brain

Kappa-spinal cord

60
Q

what is formication

A

seen in alcohol withdrawal the sensation of insects crawling in your body seen in ALCOHOLISM WITHDRAWAL and COCAINE WITHDRAWAL

61
Q

what is the most abused opiate on the streets

A

heroin

62
Q

what opiate is long acting and has a lower chance of withdrawal

A

methadone

63
Q

potent opiate that is used for anesthesia

A

fentanyl

64
Q

IV treatment for opiate overdose

A

naloxone

65
Q

oral treatment for opiate overdose

A

naltrexone

66
Q

substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 on the beta chain

A

sickle cell anemia

67
Q

most common virus to cause aplastic anemia

A

parvovirus B 19

68
Q

nuclear remnants that get removed from old RBC in spleen

A

Howell Jolly Bodies

69
Q

three common encapsulated organisms removed by the spleen

A

s. pneumo
hib
meningococcus

70
Q

which kind of sickle cell is usually asymptomatic

A

Hbg AS

71
Q

substitution of lysine for glutamic acid at position 6 of the beta chain

A

Hbg C

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