Enzymes B1.2.3 & B1.2.4 Flashcards
What are enzymes made up of
Enzymes are proteins so are made up of amino acids
What are enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts - they speed up the reaction without being used up themselves
What do enzymes do
Enzymes build larger molecules from small ones such as in protein synthesis or break down molecules into smaller such as in digestion.
What does the substrate do to the enzyme
When the substrate binds to the active site it fits in the enzyme
What is the lock and key model
You can think of enzymes being like a lock and the substrate like key, only one key will be able to fit the lock and open the door.
What happens when the substrate binds with an enzyme
An enzyme-substrate complex is formed.
How are enzymes used to build up molecules
Substrate molecules fit into the enzyme’s active site.
An enzyme substrate complex is formed.
Bonds form between the substrate
Results in a product molecule and a free enzyme
How are enzymes used to break molecules
A large substrate molecule fits into an enzymes active site forming an enzyme substrate complex
Bonds in the substrate molecule break
Free enzyme and two smaller product molecules are formed
What happens to enzymes at high temperatures
At higher temperatures the enzyme and substrate molecules move faster and collide more often. Leading to a higher rate of reaction. However, if the temperature is too high the amino acids unravel changing the shape of the active site. The enzyme is denatured and the substrate can’t bind with the enzyme and the rate of reaction decreases.
What happens to enzymes at different PHs
Each enzyme has its optimum PH. A change in PH affects the interactions between amino acids in the chain. This may cause the amino acids to unravel changing the shape of the active site and making it denatured.
What happens at higher substrate concentrations
At higher substrate concentrations, the faster the rate of reaction however when all the enzyme molecules are binded to. The rate of reaction is at its maximum and any increase in substrate will not increase the rate of reaction.
what happens at higher enzyme concentrations
There is a higher rate of reactions at higher enzyme concentrations as there will be a greater number of collisions between the enzyme and substrate but, eventually the substrate will run out leading to the reactions stopping.
