Enzymes (Study only the enzymes and what it breaks down for pratical)

Question 1

What are Enzymes?

Answer 1

An enzyme is a protein that functions as a biological catalyst to alter or speed up chemical reactions while remaining chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of an enzyme?

Answer 2

1. Enzymes speed up reactions
2. Enzymes are only required in minute amounts.
3. All ezymes are highly specfic in action and can only bind with a substrate (enzyme-substrate complex) that complements its’ active site.

Think about puzzles only forming when fit with the right peiece

Question 3

What are the three Nutrients that are broken down?

Answer 3

Fats, Starch and protein

Question 4

What enzymes break down strach and what are the products?

Answer 4

Starch—(Amylase)–>Maltose–(Maltase)–> Glucouse

Question 5

What enzyme breaks down Fats and what is the product?

Answer 5

Fats —-(lipase)–> fatty acids + Glycerol

Question 6

What enzymes break down porteins and what are the products?

Answer 6

proteins—-(pepsin + Trysin )–> Polypeptides—-(erepsin )–> Amino Acids

pepsin is found in the stomach and trysin is found in the Pancreas

Question 7

What is the lock and key hypothesis?

Answer 7

1. Enzyme and substrate collide with each other
2. Only a substrates with a 3-D shape complimentary to the active site of an enzyme can bind and from a enzyme-substrate complex.
3. Chemical reaction happens aand the subrstrate is broken down.
4. Produts detach from the enzyme
5. Enzyme remains chemically unchanged after the reaction.

Question 8

What are the two factors that affect Enzymes?

Answer 8

PH and Temperature

Question 9

How does Tempertaure affect Enzymes?

Answer 9

• Each enzyme has its own optimum temperature, the rate of Enzyme actvity is at its’ highest when the temperature is optimum for the enzyme.
• However, if the temperature goes beyond that optimum temperature than the enzyme will go through dentauration.

Optimum temperature for most enzymes: 35-40 degrees

Question 10

How does PH affect Enzymes?

Answer 10

• each enzyme has its’ own optimum PH Levl, and if the PH Level increases above the optimum the enzyme will go though denaturation.

For example, the Protease in the stomach work best at a PH level 2 which is highly acdic due to the HCL in our stomach.

Question 11

What happens when an enzyme is denatured?

Answer 11

1. when an enzyme is denatured, there is a loss or change to the enzyme’s active site.
2. The substrate can no longer fit with the enzyme’s active site.
3. No enzyme-substrate complex can be fromed hence, no chemical reaction takes place and enzyme actvity slows down and eventually stops.