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EO 007 - GI/GU Flashcards

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1
Q

What is nausea?

ppt 007.01

A

Unpleasant sensation of immediate need to vomit.

Slide 11*

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2
Q

How does nausea/vomiting present?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Hypersalivation
  • Repetitive swallowing
  • Tachycardia

Slide 11*

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3
Q

What CNS component is involved with nausea and vomiting?

ppt 007.01

A

Vomiting center in medulla.

Slide 12

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4
Q

What pathways are involved with triggering the vomiting center?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Peripheral
  • Vestibular
  • Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone
  • Cortex

Slide 12

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5
Q

What management options exist for nausea?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Antiemetics
  • Hygeine
  • Tx of underlying condition

Slide 13

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6
Q

What is vomiting?

ppt 007.01

A

Forceful expulsion of gastric contents.

Slide 14

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7
Q

What are some associated symptoms with vomiting?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Pain
  • Fever
  • Diarrhea
  • Weight loss
  • CNS

Slide 15

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8
Q

What are some disorders that can cause vomiting?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Esophageal disorder
  • Small bowel obstruction
  • Gastric outlet obstruction
  • Large bowl obstruction
  • Upper GI bleed

Slide 16

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9
Q

What are management options for vomiting?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Tx of underlying condition
  • Antiemetics
  • BRATS diet
  • Hydration

Slide 18

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10
Q

What is diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A

Sudden onset of increased water content in stool

Slide 19*

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11
Q

Whats the difference between acute and chronic diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A

Acute: >3 BM / day for less than 3 weeks
Chronic: >3 BM / day for more than 3 weeks

Slide 19*

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12
Q

What are red flags of diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Blood / abnormal mucus
  • Fever
  • Immunocompromised / elderly
  • Persistent
  • Pre-existing medical condition
  • Antibiotic use
  • Severe / worsening

Slide 21*

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13
Q

What are the 4 basic mechanisms of diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Increased intestinal secretion
  • Decreased intestinal absorption
  • Increased osmotic load
  • Abnormal intestinal motility

Slide 22*

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14
Q

What are the typical causes of diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Viral
  • Bacterial
  • Drug
  • Parasite
  • Fungal
  • Organophosphate poisoning
  • Traveller’s diarrhea.

Slide 24

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15
Q

What causes Traveller’s diarrhea?

ppt 007.01

A

Consumption of contaminated food and drink.

Slide 27

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16
Q

What is constipation?

ppt 007.01

A

Infrequent or unsatisfactory defecation, fewer than 3 times per week

Slide 30

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17
Q

What are the 3 classes of constipation?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Normal Transit
  • Dyssynergic Defecation
  • Slow Transit

Slide 33

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18
Q

What are reds flags of constipation?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Lasting >2 weeks
  • No BM > 7 days with laxative
  • Chronic medical conditions
  • Blood / mucus
  • Fever
  • Signs of anemia
  • Severe pain
  • Recent abdo surgery
  • Moderate to extreme thirst
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fx of colon cancer
  • Abnormal / excessive vomiting

Slide 35

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19
Q

What are management options for constipation?

ppt 007.01

A
  • Lifestyle changes
  • Fiber / laxatives
  • MO / PA
  • MELs

Slide 37

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20
Q

What is a hemorrhoid?

ppt 007.01

A

Internal or external hemorrhoidal plexus becoming engorged, prolapsed, or thrombosed.

Slide 39

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21
Q

What is the clinical presentation or unthrombosed external hemorrhoids?

ppt 007.01

A

Painless with traces of blood on surface of stool or toilet paper.

Slide 41

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22
Q

What is the clinical presentation of thrombosed external hemorrhoids?

ppt 007.01

A

Painful/burning sensation, severe at time of defectation.

Slide 42

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23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of internal hemorrhoids?

ppt 007.01

A

Typically painless, possibly palpable on digital exam (MO only)

Slide 43

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24
Q

List and describe the grades of internal hemorrhoids?

ppt 007.01

A

Grade 1 - Luminal protrusion above dentate line, not prolapsed.
Grade 2 - Prolapsed with spontaneous reduction
Grade 3 - Prolapse requiring manual reduction
Grade 4 - Prolapse unable to be reduced, can result in edema and strangulation

Slide 44 - 47

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25
What is the treatment for Grade 1 - 3 hemorrhoids? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Refer to MO - Manual reduction - Sitz bath - Local anesthetics - Steroids ointments - Fiber - Barrier cream ## Footnote Slide 49. Refer to MO for Grade 4
26
What is GERD? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease, reflux of gastric contents into esophagus. ## Footnote Slide 52
27
What are symptoms of GERD? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Heartburn - Chest discomfort - Painful swallowing - Acid regurgitation - Hypersalivation - Worse after meals / head down - Relieved with antacids ## Footnote Slide 53
28
What is the treatment plan for GERD? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Antacids - Enhance upper tract motility - Eliminate risk factors - Avoid irritants - Avoid eating before bed ## Footnote Slide 54
29
What is dyspepsia? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Chronic or recurrent epigastric pain, postprandial fullness, or early satiety. ## Footnote Slide 55
30
What are the classifications of dyspepsia? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Functional - Idiopathic - Non-ulcerative Dyspepsia (NUD) ## Footnote Slide 55
31
What are the causes of dyspepsia? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Idiopathic (60%) - Peptic ulcer (15% - 25%) - Reflux esophagitis (5% - 15%) - Gastric esophageal cancer (2%) ## Footnote Slide 56
32
What is H. Pylori? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
A flagellated spiral gram-negative bacteria living between mucous gel and mucosa. Produces urease. ## Footnote Slide 58
33
What are signs/symptoms of H. Pylori? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Dyspepsia - Burning/sharp/dull/aching epigastric pain - Pain may keep patient awake at night - Relief with ingestion of milk/antacids ## Footnote Slide 59
34
What is the gold standard for diagnosing H. Pylori? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Visualizing ulcer with upper GI endoscopy. ## Footnote Slide 60
35
What is upper GI bleeding? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Bleeding in or superior to stomach. ## Footnote Slide 62
36
What are signs/symptoms of upper GI bleeding? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Black tar-like or bloody stool - Blood in vomit ## Footnote Slide 62
37
What is the treatment plan for upper GI bleeds? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Immediate resuscitative measures - Airway management anticipation - Endoscopy - Drug therapy - Balloon tamponade - Surgery ## Footnote Slide 66
38
What is lower GI bleeding? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Loss of blood from the GI tract distal/inferior of the Treitz ligament. **Treated as potentially life threatening** ## Footnote Slide 68
39
What is the clinical presentation of a lower GI bleed? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Hematochezia - Melena - Hypotension - Tachycardia - Angina - Syncope - Weakness - Altered Mental Status ## Footnote Slide 69 (nice)
40
What are some causes for lower GI bleed? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Diverticulosis - Vascular Ecstasia - Mesenteric Ischemia - Meckel Diverticulum ## Footnote Slide 70
41
What is appendicitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Luminal obstruction of the vermiform appendix causing intraluminal pressure, vascular insufficiency, and inflammation. ## Footnote Slide 74
42
What are signs/symptoms of appendicitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- General malaise - Indigestion - Anorexia - Periumbilical/central abdo pain - Nausea/vomiting - Fever - Flank pain - Dysuria - Hematuria ## Footnote Slide 75
43
What are some positive exam findings for acute appendicitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Abdominal rigidity - Positive psoas - Fever/malaise - Rebound tenderness - Abdominal guarding ## Footnote Slide 77
44
What are some diagnostic tests that can indicate appendicitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Blood test for WBC, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate - Urinalysis - Pelvic exam and pregnancy test for women of child-bearing age - X-Ray ## Footnote Slide 78
45
What is acute cholecystitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Inflammation of the gallbladder, typically due to gallstones. ## Footnote Slide 81
46
What are some signs/symptoms of acute cholecystitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- RUQ pain - Radiation of pain to upper left back - Nausea - Vomiting - Diaphoresis - Fever ## Footnote Slide 82
47
What ois biliary colic? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Pain lasting 1 - 5 hours possibly with nausea/vomiting and referred pain. ## Footnote Slide 85
48
What is acute pancreatitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Inflammatory process of pancreas that may involve surrounding tissue and remote organ systems.
49
What are the biggest causes of acute pancreatitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Gallstones and alcohol use ## Footnote Slide 90
50
What is diverticulitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Inflammation of diverticula within the colon. ## Footnote Slide 95
51
What are classic signs of diverticulitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- LLQ abdominal pain - Fever - Leukocytosis ## Footnote Slide 96
52
What is ulcerative colitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
Chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, presents as mild, moderate, or severe ## Footnote Slide 101
53
What is the presentation of mild ulcerative colitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Fewer than 4 BM / day (isn't that normal?) - No systemic symptoms - Constipation and rectal bleeding ## Footnote Slide 105
54
What is the presentation of moderate ulcerative colitis? ## Footnote ppt 007.01
- Fewer than 4 BM / day (isn't that normal?) - No systemic symptoms - Constipation and rectal bleeding - *involves splenic flexture* ## Footnote Slide 106
55
What is the presentation of severe ulcerative colitis? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.01
- Frequent BM - Anemia / weight loss - Fever - Low serum albumin - Pancolitis - Tachycardia ## Footnote Slide 107
56
What is Crohn's Disease? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.01
Chronic *granulomatous* inflammatory disease of the GI tract ## Footnote Slide 110 - Ileum most affected, but can be mouth-to-anus
57
What are S/S specific to Crohn's disease that can present? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.01
- Perianal fissures / fistulas - Abscesses - Rectal prolapse ## Footnote Slide 111
58
What are some clinical findings that can help diagnose Crohn's disease? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.01
- Bowel wall thickening - Mesenteric edema - Local abscess formation ## Footnote Slide 112
59
What are some indicators that can differentiate esophageal pain from cardiac pain? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.01
- Spontaneous - Pain at night - Regurgitation - Odynophagia - Dysphagia - Meal-induced heartburn ## Footnote Slide 115
60
What is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Significant bacteriuria in the urine with presence of symptoms ## Footnote Slide 8
61
What are the three location-based typed of UTI? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Urethritis (urethra) - Cystitis (bladder) - Pyleonephritis (kidney) ## Footnote Slide 8
62
What is a complicated UTI? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Infection involving a functionally or anatomically abnormal urinary tract placing pt at serious risk. ## Footnote Slide 10
63
What is an uncomplicated UTI? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Infection without abnormalities or relevant comorbities ## Footnote Slide 10
64
What are common management strategies for both genders? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Hydration - Prophylactic antibiotic treatment - Sterile technique with catheters - Cranberry juice apparently is scientific - Discontinue sexual activity until cured ## Footnote Slide 12 - Starred
65
What are common management strategies for women WRT UTIs ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Urination after intercourse - Avoid scented gential hygeine products - Wipe front to back - Culture/labs if UTI during pregnancy ## Footnote Slide 12 - Starred
66
What is pyelonephritis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Infection of upper urinary tract and kidney. Acute and Chronic ## Footnote Slide 15
67
What is the difference between acute and chronic pyelonephritis ## Footnote EO 007.02
Acute: Syndrome caused by infection of parenchyma and renal pelvis. Chronic: Progressive inflammation of renal interstitium and tubules typically in pts with anatomic abnormalities due to reflux of urine into renal pelvis. ## Footnote Slide 15 - MCpl says
68
What are S/S specific to pyelonephritis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Flank pain - Dysuria - Increased frequency/urgency - Suprapubic discomfort - Gross hematuria ## Footnote Slide 16
69
What are renal calculi? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Kidney stones, solid particles within the urinary system. ## Footnote Slide 21
70
What is hydronephrosis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Swelling of a kidney due to build-up of urine due to obstruction. ## Footnote Slide 21
71
What is a staghorn? ## Footnote EO 007.02
A kidney stone too large to pass on it's own, often without pain but presents with decreased kidney function. ## Footnote Slide 21
72
What are risk factors for renal calculi? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Hyperparathyroidism - Renal calcium/phosphate leak - Hyperuricosuria - Hyperoxaluria - Hypocitraturia - Hypomagnesuria ## Footnote Slide 24
73
What are common management strategies of non-emergent renal calculi? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- IV hydration - Pain control - Antiemetics - Antibiotics - Antidiuretic ## Footnote Slide 28
74
What management strategies would be prioritized in emergent renal calculi? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Correcting dehydration - Treating UTI - Prevent scarring - Reduce kidney injury ## Footnote Slide 28
75
What is candida vaginitis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Superficial fungal infection involving vulva, anus, or other mucus membrane. ## Footnote Slide 32
76
What are risk factors for candida vaginitis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Pregnancy - Estrogen therapy - Constrictive/synthetic garments - Poor hygeine - Immunosuppresents - Antibiotics ## Footnote Slide 33 - Bolded: generally when normal vaginal flora is disrupted
77
What is the most common and specific symptom for candida vaginitis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Vaginal pruritis ## Footnote Slide 34
78
What are S/S of candida vaginitis in women? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Pruritis - Excoriation - Fissures - Vesicles - Erosion - Irritation - White thick discharge ## Footnote Slide 34
79
What are S/S of candida vaginitis in men? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Asymptomatic - Slight discharge - Irritation and soreness of glans ## Footnote Slide 34
80
What is epididymitis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Inflammation of the epididymis ## Footnote Slide 40
81
What is the most common cause of epididymis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Retrograde extension of organisms from prostate or urethra via vas deferens ## Footnote Slide 40
82
What are S/S of epididymitis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Urethral discharge - abdo/inguinal/scrotal/testicular pain - UTI s/s - Cloudy urine - Swollen scrotum - Palpable scrotal mass ## Footnote Slide 41
83
What is acute prostitis ## Footnote EO 007.02
Bacterial infection causing infection of prostate gland ## Footnote Slide 46
84
What are S/S of acute prostatitis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- LBP - Perineal tenderness - Rectal sphincter spasm - Prostatic tenderness - Urinary issues - Pain with ejaculation - Fever/chills ## Footnote Slide 48
85
What is testicular tortion? ## Footnote EO 007.02
My secret kink Tortion of the testiesor spermatic cord from abnormal fixation within the tunica vaginalis ## Footnote Slide 52
86
What is important to remember about testicular tortion? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Possibility of infarction and infertility, it is treated as a surgical emergency ## Footnote Slide 53
87
What is phimosis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Phimosis: fibrous constriction of foreskin preventing retraction. Associated with balanitis. ## Footnote Slide 61
88
What is balanitis and balanoposthitis ## Footnote EO 007.02
Balanitis: inflammation of skin covering glans Balanopostitis: inflammation of glans and prepuce ## Footnote Slide 61
89
What is paraphimosis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Retracted foreskin develops a fixed constriction proximal of glans. ## Footnote Slide 64
90
What is condyloma acuminata? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Manifestations of HPV infection within genital skin. ## Footnote Slide 69 (nice. but warts, not nice)
91
What is the presentation of condyloma acuminata? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Flesh-coloured slightly erythematous or hyper-pigmented papules with a cauliflower shape ## Footnote Slide 70
92
What is syphilis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Infection caused by treponema pallidum ## Footnote Slide 78
93
List the stages of syphilis. ## Footnote EO 007.02
Primary - Initial stage Secondary - 3 - 6 weeks after initial stage Tertiary - Occurs 3 - 20 years after initial stage ## Footnote Slide 79
94
What are S/S of initial stage syphilis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Painless chancre - Lymphadenopathy - Incubation of 21 days - Self-limiting lesions ## Footnote Slide 80
95
What are S/S of secondary stage syphilis?
- Rash/lesion that can spread on hands/feet - Lymphadenopathy - Sore throat, malaise, fever, HA, myalgia - Patchy alopecia ## Footnote Slide 81
96
What are S/S of tertiary syphilis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Involvement of nervous and cadriovascular systems - Widespread granulomatous lesions - Meningitis - Dementia - Neuropathy - Thoracic aneurysm ## Footnote Slide 82
97
What are some common management strategies for syphilis? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Antibiotics - Treat sexual partners - Avoid intercourse until Tx complete - Retreat for recurrent S/S - ## Footnote Slide 84
98
What is a trichomona? ## Footnote EO 007.02
A flagellated pear-shaped protozoan parasyite causing urogenital infections. Mostly affecting women. ## Footnote Slide 87 - considered STI (slide 88)
99
What is the clinical presentation of trichimona in women? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Onset/worsening of symptoms during menstruation - Yellow/green vaginal discharge - Vulvovaginal irritation - Dysuria ## Footnote Slide 89
100
What is the clinical presentation of trichomona in men? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Asymptomatic 80% of time - Urethral discharge - Dysuria - Epididymitis ## Footnote Slide 92
101
What is chlamydia? ## Footnote EO 007.02
Infection caused by chlamydia trachomatis, a bacterial parasite. ## Footnote Slide 98
102
What is the clinical presentation of chlamydia in men? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Mild dysuria - Clear discharge in morning - Epididymitis - Reiter syndrome Develops between 7 - 28 days ## Footnote Slide 99*
103
What is the clinical presentation of chlamydia in women? ## Footnote EO 007.02
- Urethral / vaginal discharge - Pelvic pain - Bleeding inbetween menstrual cycles - Dysuria ## Footnote Slide 99*
104
What is gonorrhea?
STI caused by Neisseria Gonorrhroeae ## Footnote Slide 105
105
What's incubation time for gonorrhea? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.02
7 - 14 days ## Footnote Slide 105
106
What is the clinical presentation of gonorrhea? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.02
- Mostly asymptomatic - Mucopirulent discharge - Dysuria ## Footnote Slide 106
107
What is the clinical presentation of anal gonorrhea? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.02
- Mild to severe rectal pain - Profuse yellow or bloody discharge - Pruritis - Tenesmus - Involvement of cardiovascular, hepatic, nervous, and synovial systems ## Footnote Slide 108
108
What are genital herpes? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.02
Infection by herpes simplex type I or II ## Footnote Slide 113
109
How is herpes simplex mainly spread? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.02
Viral shedding in persons unaware they are infected. **60% - 70% HS-II asymptomatic or don't recognize symptoms** ## Footnote Slide 114*
110
What is the clinical presentation of genital herpes? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.02
- Rash - Fever/HA - Dysuria in females - Dyspareunia - Inguinal adenopathy - Lesions/vesciles Typically heals 7 - 10 days ## Footnote Slide 115
111
How long can viral shedding with herpes last? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.02
10 - 12 days after onset of rash ## Footnote Slide 115
112
What are common management strategies for genital warts? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.02
*Treatment hastens recovery, doesn't cure* - Burrow's solution / Sitz bath - Ice packs - Analgesics - Avoid physical contact - Rest if systemic symptoms ## Footnote Slide 117
113
What are useful questions for sexual health Hx? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.02
- Partners within last 3 months incl. number, gender, their sexual Hx - Precautions/prevention - History of previous STIs ## Footnote Slide 122*
114
What is an ectopic pregnancy? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
A pregnancy occurring when the zygote implants outside the uterine cavity *Vast majority - fallopian tube Cervix Ovary Abdomen* ## Footnote Slide 6
115
In an ectopic pregnancy, when does the structure containing the fetus typically rupture? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
6 - 16 weeks ## Footnote Slide 8
116
Why is a rupture in an ectopic pregnancy dangerous? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
Can cause hemorrhagic shock, more developed fetus = higher risk of death ## Footnote Slide 8
117
What are the major risk factors for ectopic pregnancy? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
- Pelvic inflammatory disease - Hx of tubal surgery - Use of IUD - Assisted reproduction techniques - Previous ectopic pregnancy ## Footnote Slide 9
118
What is the triad of symptoms for ectopic pregnancy? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
1. Abdo pain 2. Vaginal bleeding (minimal/spotting) 3. Amenorrhea (abnormal/missed menstrual cycle) ## Footnote Slide 10
119
What are possible treatments for ectopic pregnancy? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
- Expectant management - Medical treatment of methotrexate - Surgery ## Footnote Slide 13
120
What is methotrexate? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
Drug recommended as medical alternative to surgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy. ## Footnote Slide 14
121
What are the surgeries for ectopic pregnancy? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
- Salpingostomy (removal of ectopic fetus) - Salpingectomy (removal of fetus and fallopian tube) ## Footnote Slide 17
122
What is pelvic inflammatory disease? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
Infection of upper female genital tract. Common and serious. ## Footnote Slide 20
123
What two infections most often cause PID? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
Gonorrhea and chlamydia ## Footnote Slide 21
124
What are risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
- Multiple partners - Hx of STI or PID - Hx sexual abuse - IUD insertion within 20 days - Adolescent / young adult ## Footnote Slide 22
125
What is the clinical presentation of PID? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
- Lower abdo pain, increase on mvmt or sexual activity - Abnormal vaginal discharge or bleeding - Irritative voiding symptoms - Systemic (fever, nausea / vomiting, etc) ## Footnote Slide 24
126
What is abnormal vaginal bleeding? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
Any vaginal bleeding occuring outside the regular cycle. ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
127
What are the 4 phases of the menstrual cycle? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
1. Menstrual phase, Day 1 - 4 2. Follicular / proliferation phase. Day 5 - 14 3. Ovulation phase, Day 15 4. Luteal phase, day 15 - 28 ## Footnote Slide 29
128
What are ovarian cysts? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
Cysts in the ovaries. ## Footnote Slide 34
129
What are the four types of ovarian cysts? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
1. Functional (benign) 2. Dermoid 3. Endometriomas 4. Cystadenomas ## Footnote Slide 34
130
What are the types of functional cysts? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
1. Graafian follicle 2. Corpus luteum 3. Hemorrhagic cyst These are part of the menstrual cycle ## Footnote Slide 35
131
What are dermoid cysts? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
Growths filled with fatty material, hair, teeth, bone, and cartilage ## Footnote Slide 38
132
What are endometrioma cysts? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
Collections of endometrium-like material on the outside of the ovary. Respond to horomone stimulation ## Footnote Slide 39
133
What are cystadenomas? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
Cysts developing from cells on outer surface of ovary ## Footnote Slide 40
134
What is the clinical presentation of ovarian cysts? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
- Sudden onset unilateral pelvic pain - Possible vaginal bleeding - Adnexal fullness - Nausea / vomiting - Can be asymptomatic ## Footnote Slide 42 (the answer to life, the universe, and everything)
135
What is toxic shock syndrome? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
Severe, life-threatening syndrome resulting from toxins of S. Aureus bacteria. ## Footnote Slide 45
136
What are the conditions promoting an increased amount of toxins produced by S. Aureus? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
1. Temp 39 - 40 degrees Celsius 2. Neutral pH 3. Partial pressure of oxygen > 5% 4. Supplemental carbon dioxide ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
137
What are risk factors for toxic shock syndrome? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
- Current menstruation - Cutaneous lesions - Recent surgery - Postpartum / postabortion status ## Footnote Slide 48
138
When would you consider toxic shock syndrome? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
- Unexplained febrile illness with erythroderma, hypotension, diffuse organ patholoy - Between 3rd and 5th day of menstrual cycle - 2 days post-operative ## Footnote Slide 49
139
What is the clinical presentation of severe toxic shock syndrome? ## Footnote ppt EO 007.03
- Headache - Hypotension - Fever - Desquamation of skin - Hyperemia - bunch of other stuff, see slide Severe toxic shock syndrome is acute onset of multisystem signs and symptoms. ## Footnote Slide 51

QL5 (13 decks)

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