EO 11 - Endocrine Flashcards
(22 cards)
Hwat is a macronutrient
Nutrients required by the body in large amounts. Constitute the bulk of the diet and supply of energy needed.
What are the two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?
T3 Triiodothyroxine
T4 Thyroxine
Hypothyroidism Clinical Presentation
- Fatigue
- cold intolerance
- weight gain
- menorrhagia
- depression
- constipation
- Bradycardia
- Reduced body and scalp hair
Hyperthyroidism: Clinical Presentation
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Exothalmus Eyes
- Loiter
- Heat Intolerance
- Palpitations and Tachycardia
Define PEU :
PROTEIN ENERGY UNDERNUTRITION
An energy deficit due to chronic deficiency of all macronutrients
Define PEU types
● Primary
- Marasmus
- Kwashiorkor
● Secondary
- Drugs or disorders that interfere with nutrient use.
S&S of Marasmus
*dry form of PEU
- extreme hunger
- gross weight loss
- growth retardation
- wasting of subcutaneous fat and muscles
- prominent rib and facial bones
- loose, thin skin that hangs in folds
S&S of Kwashiorkor
*Wet form of PEU
- Generalized edema (pot-belly)
- “flaky paint” skin
- thinning & discoloration of hair
- enlarged fatty liver
- growth retardation
- hunger
- diarrhea
- lethargy
- puffy eyes
List all macronutrients
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Proteins
- macrominerals
- water H20, di-hydrogen monoxide
Vitamin A deficiency causes
Inadequate intake of retinol (vit A)
Fat malabsorption, or
Liver disorders
Vitamin A deficiency S&S (Ocular)
● Night blindness is an early symptom
● Xerophthalmia
• Keratinization of the eyes
• Drying/Thickening of the conjunctivae and corneas
● Advanced deficiency:
• Hazy cornea
• Erosions of the cornea
• Keratomalacia (destruction of the cornea)
Broad S&S of vitamin A deficiency
● Keratinization of skin, mucous membranes, respiratory, GI and urinary tracts.
● Impaired immunity/hematopoiesis
What can Vit A deficiency cause in youth?
• Growth retardation
• Infections
• Mortality rate >50% in children with severe vit A def
Hwat is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?
● Combines Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s Psychosis (a good time)
● Occurs in alcoholics who do not consume foods with thiamin.
S&S of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Psychomotor slowing / apathy
- Nystagmus, ataxia
- Opthalmoplegia
- Impaired consciousness
- Mental confusion
- Dysphonia, Aphonia
- Confabulation
Top fun fact about Zinc Deficiencies
Can lead to delayed sexual maturation
Anorexia: Clinical findings
Bradycardia
Low BP
Hypothermia
Lanugo hair and hirsutism
Edema
Eroded dental enamel
Painless salivary gland enlargement
Inflamed esophagus
S&S of Bulemia
●Abdo pain, bloating
●Constipation, diarrhea (at the same time)
●IBS, rectal prolapse
●Enamel erosion, carotid swelling, sore throat
●Mildly underweight to overweight
●Frequent fluctuations in weight
Top fun fact about ECF
Volume depletion occurs as a result of loss of total bod Na+
Water follows salt
Define Marasmus
Also called the dry form of PEU; causes weight loss and depletion of fat and muscle. In developing countries, marasmus is the most common form of PEU in children.
Hwat is a Micronutrient?
Vitamins and minerals needed in minute amounts (trace minerals)
Vit A, D, E, K, B12
Cr, Cu, I, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn
Define Carbohydrates
Broken down into glucose and monosaccharides.
Simple (glucose, sucrose) and complex (starch, fiber)
