Eosinophils

Question 1

In which “normal” non-inflamed tissues are eosinophils normally found?

Answer 1

GI tract (lamina propria), lungs, adipose tissue, thymus, uterus, mammary glands

Question 2

What is the most common non-neoplastic nodular skin disease in horses

Answer 2

Equine Eosinophilic Granuloma

Question 3

Eosinophils are associated with what type of Hypersensitivity (e.g. I-IV)?

Answer 3

Type I Hypersensitivity

Question 4

Name 3 stains with an affinity for eosinophil granules.

Answer 4

Eosin, Giemsa, Luna

Question 5

Which eosinophil granule protein is responsible for the creation of free radicals (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species)?

Answer 5

Eosinophil Peroxidase (EPO)

Question 6

Which two interleukins, associated with a Th2 response, enhance integrin formation on eosinophils?

Answer 6

IL-4 and IL-13

Question 7

Which 3 leukotrienes are responsible for vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, and increased vascular permeability?

Answer 7

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

Question 8

You see a kitty with a red, swollen, crusty alopecic nose. You do cytology looking for cryptococcus, but instead of fungal organisms you see a bunch of eosinophils. Diagnosis?

Answer 8

Feline mosquito bite hypersensitivity

Question 9

One mechanism by which glucocorticoids lower eosinophil counts is death by __________.

Answer 9

apoptosis

Question 10

Name the 4 pathways of eosinophil degranulation

Answer 10

Classical exocytosis, compound exocytosis, piecemeal degranulation, cytolysis

Question 11

Which is more important for eosinophil activation in allergic disease, IgA or IgE?

Answer 11

IgA

Question 12

Which two cell types make up the “allergic-effector unit”?

Answer 12

Eosinophils and Mast Cells

Question 13

What animals get Chediak-Higashi aside from Persian cats?

Answer 13

Aleutian mink, Hereford cattle, rats, mices, orcas, white tigers

Question 14

Name a common location on the body to find eosinophilic plaques.

Answer 14

Ventral abdomen, thighs

Question 15

Which IgA receptor is the most potent stimulant of eosinophil degranulation?

Answer 15

FCaR (CD89)

Question 16

What breed is over-represented in Wells-like Syndrome?

Answer 16

Labrador Retrievers

Question 17

Is wound healing accelerated or delayed by the presence of eosinophils and eosinophil granule proteins?

Answer 17

Delayed

Question 18

Which are the three most prevalent cytokine receptors on the surface of eosinophils?

Answer 18

IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF

Question 19

What does NAACP stand for (with regards to feline hypereosinophilic syndrome)?

Answer 19

Neoplasia, Allergy, Asthma, Churg-Strauss/Connective tissue dz, Parasitism

Question 20

Which growth factor, produced and secreted by eosinophils, promotes mast cell activation and survival?

Answer 20

Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)

Question 21

Name the 3 presentations of eosinophilic granuloma complex

Answer 21

eosinophilic/rodent ulcer, eosinophilic plaques, eosinophilic/linear granuloma

Question 22

Which granulocyte-monocyte precursor is most important for eosinophil lineage specification?

Answer 22

GATA-1

Question 23

What is a hallmark histopath finding for equine eosinophilic granuloma?

Answer 23

Collagen flame figures

Question 24

Which breeds of dogs lack visible granules in their eosinophils (and have vacuoles)?

Answer 24

Greyhounds, sight hounds, +/- golden retrievers

Question 25

Name the 3 "matrix" (electron lucent) eosinophil granule proteins

Answer 25

Eosinophilic Cationic Protein (ECP), Eosinophil Peroxidase (EPO), Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN)

Question 26

What is a prominent histopath finding for Wells-like syndrome aside from the presence of eosinophils?

Answer 26

Marked dermal edema and vascular dilation (perivascular pattern not a very specific finding)

Question 27

Which chemokine on eosinophils binds to eotaxin (also known as CCL11)?

Answer 27

CCL3

Question 28

What is a common suspected cause of Sterile Pustular Erythroderma of Miniature Schnauzers?

Answer 28

Shampoo reaction, often insecticidal shampoo

Question 29

What is the number of "hypodense" eosinophils predictive of?

Answer 29

Severity of allergic disease

Question 30

Which pathway of eosinophil degranulation makes use of eosinophil sombrero vesicles?

Answer 30

piecemeal degranulation

Question 31

What is the most common cause of canine eosinophilic furunculosis?

Answer 31

Insect/arthropod bite/sting

Question 32

What does Equine MEED stand for?

Answer 32

Multi-systemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease

Question 33

Which eosinophil granule protein is responsible for the intense acidophilia of eosinophil granules?

Answer 33

Major Basic Protein (MBP)

Question 34

What class of drugs, which cause apoptosis of eosinophils, is almost universally helpful in treating eosinophilic diseases?

Answer 34

glucocorticoids

Question 35

What breed is predisposed to canine eosinophilic granuloma? Name a common location for granulomas to develop

Answer 35

Husky, CKCS; mouth (skin gets you less points)

Question 36

Which species' eosinophils have the largest granules?

Answer 36

Equine

Question 37

During rolling, eosinophils bind to \_\_\_\_\_\_, and then during firm adhesion, they additionally bind to \_\_\_\_\_\_. (classes of adhesion molecules)

Answer 37

selectins; integrins

Question 38

Which eosinophil granule protein has an affinity for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

Answer 38

Eosinophilic Cationic Protein (ECP)

Question 39

Why can eosinophils release cytokines more rapidly than B cells or T cells?

Answer 39

They store cytokines preformed within the cell

Question 40

Which pathway of eosinophil degranulation makes use of SNARE complexes?

Answer 40

Classical (regulated) exocytosis

Question 41

Which immunoglobulin (IgG) receptor is most highly expressed on eosinophils?

Answer 41

FCyRII (CD32)

Question 42

What is the target of the monoclonal antibody mepolizumab? (human drug)

Answer 42

IL-5

Question 43

Which interleukin is responsible for development and activation of eosinophils, specifically?

Answer 43

IL-5 \*IL-3 and GM-CSF not specific to eosinophils

Question 44

Which eosinophil granule protein has the strongest antiviral properties?

Answer 44

Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN)

Question 45

In what species do eosinophils predominate in the cytology of an atopic animal?

Answer 45

Horses

Question 46

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with eosinophils? CAFR, EGC, F&F, Sweets Syndrome, Wells Syndrome?

Answer 46

Sweets Syndrome

Question 47

Which immunoglobulin receptors are important for adhesion of leukocytes to one another and to vessel walls?

Answer 47

ICAM-1 (CD54) and ICAM-3 (CD50)

Question 48

Feline eosinophilic folliculitis and furunculosis is often a feature of what kind of hypersensitivity?

Answer 48

food (CAFR)

Question 49

Persian cats with blue smoke hair and yellow eyes are poster children for what disease?

Answer 49

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Question 50

What is the only leukotriene produced intracellularly by eosinophils?

Answer 50

LTC4

Question 51

What breed of horses is predisposed to unilateral papular dermatosis? Are papules pruritic?

Answer 51

Quarter horses; no

Question 52

Name at least two disease processes with eosinophilic involvement that aren't allergic or parasitic in nature

Answer 52

pemphigus, mastocytic tumors, Wells syndrome, furunculosis (often secondary to allergies or parasites)

Question 53

Which chemokine is also known as RANTES?

Answer 53

CCL5

Question 54

In addition to skin biopsy, where else would you biopsy a horse to try to diagnose MEED?

Answer 54

Rectum, lymph nodes, liver

Question 55

Which species' eosinophils have rod-shaped granules?

Answer 55

Feline

Question 56

Eosinophilic granules are \_\_\_\_\_\_, which makes them bind well to eosin, which is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. (hint: pH)

Answer 56

basic; acidic

Question 57

Which Interleukin, important for eosinophil activation, is blocked by calcineurin inhibitors?

Answer 57

IL-5 (also GM-CSF)

Question 58

Eosinophils make up what percent of leukocytes in circulation?

Answer 58

6%

Question 59

During which phase of the estrus cycle are eosinophils found in the uterus in greatest numbers?

Answer 59

Estrus

Question 60

Name the 3 kinds of granulocytes.

Answer 60

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils